vessels

pulmonary circuit

blood goes to and from lungs

systemic circuit

blood goes to the rest of the body and back to the heart

what are the layers of the blood vessel walls

adventitia, media, and intima

inner most layer of blood vessel wall

intima

middle layer of the blood vessel wall

media

outermost layer of the blood vessel wall

adventitia

vasa vasorum

blood vessels within the walls of the thickest vessels

what is the intima composed of

endothelium of the vessel

what is media layer composed of

smooth muscle

what is involved with vasoconstriction and vasodilation

media layer of blood vessel

what anchors blood vessel

fibers of the adventitia

carries blood to the heart

veins

carries blood away from heart

arteries

do arteries or veins have thicker walls

arteries

do arteries or veins have smoother walls

arteries

which vessels maintain shape when cut

arteries

which vessels collapse when cut

veins

which vessels have pleated folds on endothelial lining

arteries

which vessels have elastic membranes on their media (external) and intima (internal)

arteries

which vessels have one way valves to prevent back flow

veins

sizes of arteries from biggest to smallest

elastic arteries, muscular arteries, and arterioles

biggest size arteries

elastic arteries

middle sized arteries

muscular arteries

small size arteries

arterioles

examples of elastic arteries

aorta, brachiocephalic trunk, and pulmonary trunk

size of elastic arteries

up to 2.5 cm in diameter

where are elastic membranes found in vessels

the media and intima of elastic arteries

size of muscular arteries

up to 0.4 cm in diamter

media of muscular arteries compared to elastic

muscular media is thicker than elastic

examples of muscular artereis

radial and ulnar, external carotid, brachial, femoral, and mesenteric

size of arterioles

30 microns in diameter

arterioles adventitia

very thin

media of arterioles

may have incomplete smooth muscles

what does the arterioles do

control blood flow between arteries and capillaries

smallest type of vessels

capillaries

size of cappillaries

8 microns (roughly the diameter of a red blood cell)

what do capillaries lack

adventitia and media

where does nutrient and waste exchange occur

capillaries

what are the types of capillaries

continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoids

most common type of capillaries

continuous

continuous capillaries characteristics

endothelial lining is complete

fenestrated capillaries characteristics

endothelial lining is not complete and these capillaries have pores in lining

sinusoid capillaries characteristics

endothelial lining is not complete and contains pores and large gaps

what capillaries are also called discontinuous

sinusoid

how do material move between capillaries and cells or vice versa

diffuse across endothelial cells, diffuse through gaps between cells, diffuse through gaps or pores in fenestrated capillaries, or vesicular transport

capillary bed

arteriovenous anastomoses, thoroughfare channels, and metarterioles

where is continuous blood flow required

brain, heart, and stomach

collateral arteries

when there is more than one artery supplying blood to a specific area

arterial anastomosis

when collateral arteries fuse

where might movement hinder blood flow

joints or visceral organs

arteriovenous anastomosis

direct connection between arterioles and venules to maintain blood flow during movement in areas like joints

throughfare channels

connect arterioles with venules

metarterioles/precapillary sphincters

guard the entrance to capillaries in the mesenteries

size of veins biggest to smallest

large veins, medium-sized veins, and venules

venuels function

collect blood from the capillaries

venules characteristcs

lack, or have thin tunica media

largest layer in the medium sized veins

adventitia

which veins contain elastic fibers

medium sized veins

which veins have one way valves

medium sized veins

where are medium sized veins found

muscular arteries

medium sized veins examples

radial, tibial, and popliteal veins

venous valves

compartmentalize blood to prevent backflow, act as one way valves

thickest layer of the large veins

adventitia

what does the adventitia of the large veins contain

smooth muscle

intima and media of large veins

very thin

do large veins have valves

no

examples of large veins

superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

what helps blood go against gravity in the veins

skeletal muscles, venous valves, and thoracic pressure changes

what percent of blood is in arteries and cappilaries

25-30%

what percent of the blood is in the veins

65-70%

how much more can a vein expand than a parallel artery

8 times more

capacitance vessels

veins

which vessels act as blood reservoirs

veins

venoconstriction

veins shift blood towards arterial side of the circulation

pulmonary circuit

composed of vessels that transport blood between heart and lungs

systemic circuit

composed of vessels that transport blood between heart and all other tissues

which vessel circuit has lower blood pressure

lower

which vessel circuit has thinner walls

pulmonary

where in the body are vessels not mirrored

where vessels connect to the atria and ventricles

from what side of the heart does blood enter the pulmonary circuit

right side

how does blood leave heart to go to the lungs

pass through the pulmonary valve into the trunk, then enters the left and right pulmonary arteries and arrive at the lungs

what happens to blood at the lungs

drop off carbon dioxide and pick up oxygen

how blood leave the lungs and return to the heart

leave lungs via the pulmonary veins and enters the left atrium of the heart

blood from what side of the heart enters the systemic circuit

left side

how does oxygenated blood leave the heart

leave left ventricle via the aortic valve, enters the ascending aorta and then the aortic arch and the branches of numerous vessels

blood in the aortic arch branches into what vessels

brachiocephalic trunk (then to right common carotid and right subclavian), left common carotid, left subclavian, and descending aorta

where does the aorta begin

aortic valve

where does the left and right coronary arteries branch off of the aorta

base of the ascending aorta

shape of the aortic arch

form an arch going towards the left and posterior side of the heart

where do the elastic arteries branch off of

aortic arch

what does the brachiocephalic trunk give rise to

right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery

what does the right subclavian artery supply blood to

right side of the arm, head, brain, and spinal cord

what does the left common carotid artery supply blood to

left side of the head and brain

what does the left subclavian artery supply blood to

left arm, brain, and spinal cord

what forms the axillary arteries

subclavian arteries

what are the three branches of the subclavian arteries

thyrocervical trunk, internal thoracic artery, and vertebral artery

thyrocervical trunk

supplies tissues of the neck, shoulder, and upper back

internal thoracic artery

supplies the pericardium and anterior wall of the chest

vertebral artery

supplies the brain and spinal cord

what arteries arise from the subclavians

axillary, brachial, deep brachial, radial, ulnar, and digital arteries and superficial and deep palmar arches