Biological molecules

Large organic molecules that are

What are biological molecules?

Large organic molecules that are essential for life, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Carbohydrates

Monomers: Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose, fructose)
Polymers: Polysaccharides (e.g., starch, cellulose, glycogen)
Functions: Energy storage, structural support

Lipids (Fats)

Monomers: Fatty acids and glycerol
Polymers: Triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids
Functions: Energy storage, insulation, cell membrane structure, hormone signaling

Proteins

Monomers: Amino acids
Polymers: Polypeptides
Functions: Enzymes, structural components, hormones, antibodies, transport

Nucleic Acids

Monomers: Nucleotides
Polymers: DNA and RNA
Functions: Genetic information storage and transfer, protein synthesis

Elements in Carbohydrates

C, H, O (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen)
Ratio of H to O is typically 2:1 (as in H_2O)

Elements in Lipids

Primarily C, H, and O, but some contain phosphorus (P)

C, H, O