9-1 chem pathways

What are the final stages of cellular respiration called?

They occur in the mitochondria.

What is the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen?

Cellular respiration.

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy.

What initial molecules does glycolysis produce from one molecule of glucose?

Two molecules of pyruvic acid.

What is the net gain of ATP molecules from glycolysis?

2 ATP molecules.

What molecule acts as an electron carrier in glycolysis?

NAD+.

What process occurs when oxygen is not present after glycolysis?

Fermentation.

What are the two main types of fermentation?

Alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation.

What does alcoholic fermentation produce as waste?

Ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide.

What is lactic acid fermentation?

The conversion of pyruvic acid into lactic acid, regenerating NAD+.

What does glycolysis do to energy stored in glucose?

It gradually releases energy.

Where does glycolysis take place within a cell?

In the cytoplasm.

What is produced when NADH converts during fermentation?

NAD+.

How many calories of heat energy are released from one gram of glucose?

3811 calories.

What does lactic acid fermentation convert glucose into?

Lactic acid.