Test 10

What organelle is A?

pellicle - A firm, flexible coating outside the plasma membrane

What organelle is B?

chloroplast

What organelle is C?

nucleus

What organelle is D?

stored carbohydrate

What organelle is E?

contractile vacuole

What organelle is F?

eyespot

What organelle is G?

flagellum

Which structure is responsible for the movement of a euglena?

The structure, flagellum

2 types of movement for euglena

Swimming with flagellum and amoeboid movement

To which phylum does euglena belong?

Euglenophyta

The 3 types of Protists

Plant-like, animal-like, fungus-like

How the 3 types of Protists differentiate

how they get nutrients:  autotrophic, heterotrophic, saprophytic

Organism that contains both a macronucleus and a micronucleus

Paramecium

Function of the macronucleus in Paramecium

Control of metabolism

Function of the micronucleus in Paramecium

Reproduction

Protist that causes malaria?

Plasmodium

Protist known to cause dysentery

Balantidium coli

What is always part of the life cycle of Sporozoa?

spore formation

What is the unique component of a diatom’s cell wall?

Silicon dioxide

Commercial uses for diatoms

• Toothpaste abrasive

• Pest control

• Filtering liquids

How amoeba move

By contracting and extending pseudopods

Phylum for paramecium

Ciliophora

How does a paramecium move?

By cilia beating rhythmically

Shape of the chloroplasts in spirogyra

Spiral or helical-shaped

Where is chlorophyll found in plant cells?

Chloroplasts

Color of Rhodophyta

Red

Algin uses

A thickening agent; used in ice cream and pudding

Characteristics of kingdom Fungi

• Eukaryotic

• Cell walls have chitin

• Multicellular (most)

mycelium v. hyphae

Mycelium is the main part; hyphae are filaments

Function of rhizoids in fungi

Support and anchor the fungus

Extracellular digestion

Digestion occurs outside the organism

Chitin

A chemical providing toughness and flexibility

Phylum of fungi characterized by sac-like structures

Ascomycota

Budding in yeast

A form of asexual reproduction

Fungus that causes athlete's foot

Trichophyton rubrum

Septate v. nonseptate hyphae

Septate hyphae have cell walls; nonseptate do not

Antibiotic produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium

Penicillin

Who discovered penicillin?

Alexander Flemming

Mycorrhizae

Fungi that live on plant roots in a symbiotic relationship

How do mycorrhizae help plants?

By sharing minerals in exchange for food

What organelle is H?

contractile vacuole; amoeba

What organelle is I?

pseudopod

What organelle is J?

food vacuole

What organelle is L?

cell membrane

What organelle is M?

nucleus; amoeba

What organelle is N?

food vacuole (it’s forming)

What organelle is O?

micronucleus

What organelle is P?

macronucleus

What organelle is Q?

contractile vacuole (paramecium)

What organelle is R?

cilia

What organelle is S?

Oral pore

What organelle is T?

Oral groove

What organelle is U?

Gullet

What organelle is V?

Anal pore

What type of organism is pictured?

a paramecium

What type of organism is pictured?

an amoeba

What part of the mushroom is #1?

cap

What part of the mushroom is #2?

gills

What part of the mushroom is #3?

stipe (commonly known as stalk or stem)

What part of the mushroom is #4?

mycelium

#4 on the mushroom, the mycelium, is made of what?

hyphae

What is #5 of the mushroom?

fruiting body or reproductive structure

What color are members of Phaeophyta? 

brown

What color are members of Chlorophyta?

green (or yellow-green)

Usually, what color are members of Chrysophyta?

golden

Stolons

‘connector’ aerial hyphae

Sporangiophores

specialized enclosures or sacs made out of hyphae that have sporangia on their tips where spores are produced

3 types of hyphae

• Rhizoids

• Stolons

• Sporangiophores

The 5 phyla of fungi

1. Zygomycota

2. Ascomycota

3. Basidiomycota

4. Chytridiomycota

5. Deuteromycota

Zygomycota

1.      Spores formed in small structures that exist where hyphae fuse with one another for the purpose of reproduction

2.      These spores are called zygospores

3.      No fruiting bodies are formed in reproduction

Ascomycota

1.      Spores formed in sac-like structures (look like globes, flasks, or dishes) called asci

2.      These spores are called ascospores

3.      Some members are unicellular:  yeasts

4.      Sexual reproduction – fusion of hyphae of different mating types, and a fruiting body is formed

Basidiomycota

1.      Spores formed in club-like structures called basidia

2.      These spores are called basidiospores

3.      Saprophytic (most)

4.      Parasitic (a few)

5.      Sexual reproduction between mycelia

Chytridiomycota

1.      Spores have flagella

2.      Saprophytic (most); some are parasitic

3.      Inhabit muddy or aquatic areas, feeding on decaying water plants

Deuteromycota

1.      Assume they have a form of sexual reproduction, but scientists have not discovered it yet

2.      Called imperfect fungi

Name two pathogenic fungi and the maladies they cause.

Claviceps purpurea – causes ergot of rye, a plant disease

Synchytrium endobioticum – causes potato wartmycorrhizae