chapter 10 - fluency disorders

acceptance and commitment theory

a stuttering intervention approach that helps the individual recognize theirr thoughts, without requiring changing those thoughts, and learn that negative thoughts do no necessarily determine a person's feelings

awareness

a stuttering intervention strategy designed to educate the person who stutters about the systems important to understanding communication

cognitive-behavioral theory

a stuttering intervention approach that helps limit an individual's negative thoughts about their stuttering by identifying those thoughts, obtaining evidence that those thoughts are unwarranted and substituting more helpful thoughts

continuous phonation

voicing through an utterance

covert stuttering behaviors

behaviors used to mask or hide a person's stuttering such as finding ways to avoid speaking situations

desensitization

a stuttering intervention approach that limits the negative personal reactions to stuttering through gradual exposure to uncomfortable stimuli

easy onset

a fluency technique that involves gradual voicing of initial vowels

effortful control

a component of temperament that facilitates self-regulation

fluency disorder

a communication disorder where there is disruption to the flow of one's speech, including hesitations; sound, syllable, and word repetitions; and significant tension when speaking

fragile x

a genetic condition caused by changes in the fragile x messenger ribonucleoprotein gene leading to delays in cognitive, motor, and speech and language development, as well as social and behavioral problems and learning disabilities

gray matter

a type of brain and spinal cord tissue that is important to day-to-day functioning; it is where sensation, voluntary movement, learning, speech, and cognition take place

incidence

the number of identified new cases with a specific condition

mindfulness

a stuttering intervention strategy that involves learning ways to increase awareness and respond to mental processes that create emotional distress and atypical behavior

overt stuttering behaviors

aspects of stuttering that are observable, such as sound prolongations, syllable or word repetitions, and blocking on words

secondary behaviors

body movements, facial grimaces, and/or eye blinks that occur during moments of stuttering

self-disclosure

a stuttering intervention strategy in which the individual who stutters tells other about their stuttering

stimulability testing

a diagnostic intervention approach in which the individual is asked to decrease their rate of speech or to increase their pausing to reduce symptoms of cluttering

support

a strategy frequently used to facilitate self-confidence and decrease isolation and may include group therapy and self help groups

tourette syndrome

a condition of the nervous system that causes people to have tics or sudden and repeated sounds, twitches, or movements

white matter

a large network of nerves in the brain that allows for the exchange of information and communication between areas of the brain