8. Fluids and Electrolytes

What are the most plentiful electrolytes in the body?

Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride

(On study guide)

Sodium is known for balancing what?

fluids

(On study guide)

Potassium is known for controlling what?

heart rhythm

(On study guide)

Chloride is known for balancing what?

pH

(On study guide)

Imbalances of electrolytes can cause what?

cardiac arrhythmias

(On study guide)

What are the main functions of water?

transporting nutrients, facilitate digestion, regulate temperature, lubricate tissues

Where is water primarily stored?

in extracellular spaces

Solid foods contribute to how much water a day?

1 liter

What is the normal body pH?

7.35-7.45

Water helps maintain _____________ balance in the body

acid-base balance

(On study guide)

What are some risk factors for dehydration?

illness, excessive, and old age

(On study guide)

What is an oral effect of dehydration?

Xerostomia

(On study guide)

Xerostomia can lead to what?

Dental caries

(On study guide)

What can happen if you have too much water intake

hyponatremia

Sodium, potassium, and chloride are the main mineral ions involved in maintaining what _______ pressure

osmotic pressure

What is the effect of too little sodium?

hyponatremia (Excess water intake)

What is the effect of too much sodium?

hypernatremia

What are the effects of too little potassium?

hypokalemia

What are the effects of too much potassium?

hyperkalemia

What are the effects of too much or too little chloride?

growth failure lethargy, irritability, anorexia, and weakness

(On study guide)
Caffeine is a __________, which icnerases fluid losses

diuretic

(On study guide)
Consumption of alcohol is a major risk for what?

Oral cancer

(On study guide)

What oral implications can occur from consuming soft drinks and sports drinks?

dental caries