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Ethnographic Fieldwork
Living and interacting with a community of people over an extended period to better understand their lives
Culture Shock
A sense of disorientation caused by the overwhelmingly new and unfamiliar people and experiences encountered everyday
Salvage Ethnography
Fieldwork strategy developed by Franz Boas to collect cultural, material, linguistic, and biological info about Native American populations being devastated by westward expansion of European settlers
Bronislaw Marinowski
Examined the Kula Ring
Kula Ring
An elaborate system of exchange; many people traveled across many islands in an exchange of Kula valuables (shell-necklaces and armbands); also set new standards for fieldwork and to live in communities we analyze
Participant Observation
Anthropology research strategy involving both participation in and observation of the daily life of the people being studied; cornerstone of fieldwork
Synchronic Approach
For fieldwork; sought to control experiments by limiting consideration of the larger historical and social context in order to isolate as many variables as possible
Annette Weiner
Found that women had equally important economic roles and equally valuable accumulations of wealth on the Trobriand Islands (ignored by Malinowski)
Reflexivity
Critical self examination of the role the anthropologist plays and an awareness that one’s identity affects one’s fieldwork and theoretical analysis
Engaged Anthropology
Application of the research strategies and analytical perspectives of anthropology to address concrete challenges facing local communities and the world at large
Anthropologist’s Toolkit
The tools needed to conduct fieldwork, including information, perspectives, strategies and equipment
Quantitative Data
Statistical info about a community that can be measured and compared
Qualitative Data
Descriptive data drawn from non statistical sources, including personal stories, interviews, life histories, and participant observation
Rapport
Established through participant observation; relationships of trust and familiarity that an anthropologist develops with members of the community under study
Key Informant
Community member who advises the anthropologist community issues, provides feedback, and warns against cultural miscues; also called cultural consultant
Life History
A form of interview that traces the biography of a person over time, examining changes in the person’s life and illuminating the interlocking network of relationships in the community
Survey
An info-gathering tool for quantitative data analysis
Kinship Analysis
A fieldwork strategy of examining interlocking relationships of power built on marriage and family ties
Social Network Analysis
A method for examining relationships in a community often conducted by identifying whom people turn to in times of need
Field Notes
Written observations and reflections on places, events, practices, and interviews
Mapping
Analysis of the physical and/or geographic space where fieldwork is being conducted
Built Environment
The intentionally designed features of human settlement, including buildings, transportation and public service infrastructure, and public spaces; has power to shape human life
Zeroes
Elements of a story or a picture that are not told or seen and yet offer key insights into issues that may be too sensitive to discus or display publicly
Mutual Transformation
The potential for both the anthropologist and the members of the community being studied to be transformed by the interactions of fieldwork
Emic Perspective
An approach to gathering data that investigates how local people think and how they understand the world
Etic Perspective
Description of local behavior and beliefs from an anthropologist’s perspective in ways that can be compared across cultures
Polyvocality
The practice of using many different voices in the ethnographic writing and research question development, allowing the reader to hear more directly from the people in the study; they do this by interviews
Informed Consent
A key strategy for protecting those being studied by ensuring that they’re fully informed of the goals of the project and have clearly indicated their consent to participate
Anonymity
Protecting the identities of the people involved in a study by changing or omitting their names or other identifying characteristics