Ph politics in 19th century

THE 19TH CENTURY PHILIPPINE POLITICAL SYSTEM

THE 19TH CENTURY PHILIPPINE POLITICAL SYSTEM

• political system back then was centralized.

• those in top priority are the only closest to power

• those who stray are often forgotten and neglected.

Political System of the 19th Century Philippines

·       Central  Government

-          King of Spain

-          Viceroy of Mexico

-          Governor General of the Philippines

·       National Government

·       Local Government

CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

1.      Spanich Monarch- King or Queen.

-          Holds highest civil and spiritual authority

-          Considered the top patron or supporter of evangelism.

-          King Phillip II, the Spanish king when PH was colonized in 1565 by Legazpi.

-          Whom the PH was named after when he was still known as Prince Philip of Asturias by Villalobos.

-          Carlos IV also ruled the PH during 19th century

-          Queen Isabela declared the 1863 Educational Decree.

-          Alfonso XIII the ruler during the beginning of the PH fight for the independence from Spain.

2.      Royal and Supreme Council of the Indies- Priests or Clerics (usual heads of the council)

-          Indies (appointed territorial administrators outside of Spain)

-          Established in 1524 by King Carlos V

-          Consisted of 6 – 10 royal councilor appointed by the monarch and served as the Court of Appeals for the colonies.

-          Council’s main role was to formalize decisions and laws concerning Spain’s territories known as Law of the Indies.

-          Lasted until 1834 when ir was abolished by Maria Christina, the regent and mother of Queen Elizabeth II

3.      Viceroy of Nueva España. – appointed ruler of the Kingdom of Nueva España

-          Encompassed spanish territories in north america, south america, asia, and oceania acting on behalf of the King

-          Established on August 18, 1521

-          Viceroyalty was headquartered in Mexico.

-          Viceroy oversaw the PH from 1565 until mexico and other central american territories gained independence in 1821.

-          Francisco Ceinos served as the viceroy during the PH colonization in 1565

4.      Ministerio de Ultramar – or Ministry for Overseas Territories

-          Was the department responsible for governing spain's remaining territories after mexico and other regions gained independence.

-          Before its establishment, these territories fell under the ministry of the navy.

-          MOT was dissolved and its authority revoked on april 20 1899.

-          Don Antonio Maura, a significant figure for Filipinos, was a key minister in this department.

-          He introduced the maura law, which paved the way for restructing local governance to be more independent and efficient.