Notebook Page 3: Islamic Caliphates

Deaths of initial caliphs

unnatural, caused through assassination or poisoning due to factional disputes within Arab population

Umayyad Clan

created during a period of civil war in the Rashidun Caliphate, established control after winning said civil war.

Umayyad Caliphate

661 - 750 CE, capital in Damascus, Syria. Warred with Byzantine empire occasionally. Expanded borders to France, Morocco, India and China. Treatment of Muslim Arabs > others caused their popularity to diminish.

Mamluks

non-Arab warriors that inherit the title of caliphate in Egypt (after 1258)

Abbasid Caliphate

faction of Arabs that revolted against Umayyad Caliphate over their treatment of Arab citizens, won and took control. Responsible for Islam's Golden Age, innovations such as camels and caravans, connected Islamic world with kingdoms of West Africa. Capital city of Baghdad.

What places did Islam reach thanks to the Abbasid Caliphate?

Central Asia, South Asia, North Africa, West Africa, East Africa, parts of Europe

What caliphate caliphate sat at the center of the Afro-Eurasia world, benefiting tremendously from the knowledge, goods, and wealth exchanged through the Old World?

Abbasid Caliphate

Sunni muslims

opposed to political succession as based on Muhammad's bloodline

Shi'a

believe that Ali and his descendants are part of divine order; think Muhammad's blood are the only ones allowed to be in charge

What was the cause of the Abbasid Caliphate losing control?

Religious and factional disputes between Sunni and Shi'a, lost direct control over most of the muslim world late 9th century.

Islamic world suffered what things?

loss of territories to Egypt by 10th century, destruction of Abbasid military power in 11th century to Seljuk Turks, Baghdad destroyed by Mongols in 1258

Fatimid Caliphate

how Abbasid caliphate ruled in Egypt until 1517

Sunni Islamic State

ruled by Turkish Ottoman Empire, and where most religious and military force for Islam comes from, made after 1517

Persian Shi'a state

Safavid Dynasty, created post 1517