Diabetes oral agents and different insulin regimens

alpha- glucosidase inhibitors (glyset)

block the breakdown of starches, such as potatoes and pasta in the intestine

biguanides (metformin)

decreases amount of glucose produced by the liver

bile acid sequestrants (Welchol)

lower cholesterol and blood glucose levels

dopamine-2 agonists (cycloset)

help lower blood glucose levels after a meal

DPP- 4 inhibitors (nesina, tradjenta, onglyza, januvia)

prevent breakdown of GLP-1, which is a compound in the body that lowers blood glucose levels

GLP-1 receptor agonists (rybelsus)

helps release insulin when blood glucose is high and lower the amount of glucose produced by the liver

meglitinides (starlix, prandin)

help beta cells in pancreas release more insulin

SGLT2 inhibitors (invokana, farxiga, jardiance, steglatro)

blocks glucose from being reabsorbed in the kidney

Sulfonylureas (amaryl, glucotrol, micronase/ glynase, diabeta)

help beta cells in pancreas release more insulin

TZDs (actos)

help insulin work better in muscle and fat and lowers glucose production in liver

rapid- acting insulin (flash, Novolog, apidra, admelog, Humalog)

onset of about 15 mins, peak of about 1 or 2 hours after injection, duration of between 2- 4 hours

regular or short- acting insulin (humulin r, novolin r, velosulin r)

onset of about 30 mins, peak or about 2 to 3 hours after injection, duration of between 3- 6 hrs

intermediate- acting insulin (humulin r, novolin r, reliOn)

onset of about 2-4 hrs after injection, peak about 4- 12 hrs later, duration of about 12- 18 hrs

long- acting or basal insulin analogs (Levemir, basaglar, Lantus)

onset of between 2 and 4 hrs, peak is continuous, “peakless” action that acts the way your body normally releases insulin, duration of up to 24 hrs

ultra long- acting insulin (tresiba, toujeo)

onset of about 6 hrs, no peak, and duration of up to 36 hrs or longer

inhaled insulin (afrezza)

onset of within 12- 15 mins, peak of 30 minutes, duration is out of your system in 180 mins. must be used with injectable long- acting insulin in patients with T1DM and in type 2 diabetes patients who use long- acting insulin.

basal- bolus regimen

long- acting (basal) insulin for background control and rapid- acting (bolus) insulin before meals

twice- daily regimen

combination of intermediate and short- acting insulin, take before breakfast and dinner

once- daily regimen

long- acting insulin taken once a day

insulin pump therapy

continuous infusion of rapid- acting insulin given through a pump that adjusts doses as needed