Flashcards MAP Strand 5: Skeletal System

Mandible

lower jawbone

Maxilla

upper jawbone

zygomatic

cheekbones

frontal

forehead

parietal

side/back of cranium x2

occipital

bottom of the cranium

sphenoid

bat shaped bone at the middle of the skull (behind the eyes)

ethmoid

bone that forms the back of the nose

temporal

sides of the cranium by the ears x2

clavicle

collarbone

scapula

shoulder blades

sternum

chestbone

ribs

chest bones that protect the heart and lungs, 12 pairs

pubic bone

lower anterior part of the hip bone

ilium

superior part of the hip bone

ischium

the lower curved bone forming the base of each half of the pelvis

pubis

both pairs of bones forming the two sides of the pelvis

femur

thigh bone

patella

kneecaps

tibia

bigger, medial shin bone

fibula

smaller, lateral shin bone

tarsals

ankle bones

metatarsals

bones between ankles and toes

phalanges

fingers and toes

humerus

upper arm bone connects to “funny bone”

ulna

medial forearm bone

radius

lateral forearm bone

carpals

wrist bones

metacarpals

bones between wrist and fingers, forms palms

cervical vertebrae

neck part of spine, set of 7

thoracic vertebrae

middle part of spine, set of 12

lumbar vertebrae

lower part of spine set of 5

sacral vertebrae

behind the pelvis set of 5

coccyx

tailbone set of 4

osteoblasts

bone building cells

osteocytes

mature bone cells

osteoclasts

cells that break down bone

periosteum

lines spongy bone underneath compact bone

diaphysis

shaft of a bone

epiphysis

ends of the bone

medullary cavity

most deep part of a bone carries fat and yellow marrow

red marrow

produces blood cells

yellow marrow

adipose tissue that replaces red marrow with age

articular cartilage

cartilage at the joints

endosteum

tissue that lines the medullary cavity

compact bone

hard, dense bone tissue on the outer membrane of a bone

spongey bone

bone tissue that has space for marrow produces weight of bone

long bone

longer than wide, for strength and support

short bone

small cuboidal shaped bones resembling pebbles

flat bone

have 2 thin layers of compact bone and no medullar cavity, curved for protection

irregular bones

all other bones for unique pruposes

foramen

and opening or hole in a bone

meatus

a tub like passage leading to the inferior of the body

sinus

a space within a bone lines with mucus membrane that reduces the weight of a bone

fossa

a groove in the bone normally articulates with a condyle

condyle

large rounded prominence in a bone

tuberosity

roughened, rounded area where tendons and ligaments attatch

trochanter

large, blunt process found only on the femur for muscle attachment

tubercle

small, rounded projection for muscle attachment

process

growth projection from a bone used for muscle attachment or to form a joint

suture

interlocking line of union between bones

fontanel

soft spot in the skull where membranes cover the space between bones, only in infants skulls

axial

consists of 80 bones forms skull, vertebrae, rib cage, and hyoid

appendicular

composed of 126 bones, helps with locomotion, limbs

ligament

bone to bone

tendon

muscle to bone

fibrous joints

held together by tissue, immovable

cartilaginous joints

cartilage on bone both sides of bone, in intervariable discs and vertebrae

synovial

freelyish moving joints

synarthrotic

no movement, sutures

amphiarthrotic

small or slight movement

diarthrotic

freely moveable

herniated disk

intervertebral disk ruptures and aggravates nearby nerves, treated with rest and physical therapy

osteoarthritis

type of arthritis, breaks down cartilage, reduces motion, treated with rest, joint replacement, and removal of bone spurs

osteoporosis

makes weak bones that fracture easily

scoliosis

curvature of the spine in thoracic or lumbar region, treated with rods, springs, braces, surgery, and physical therapy

kyphosis

hunchback, exaggeration of thoracic curvature, treated with surgery, bracing, and physical therapy

lordosis

swayback (sprinters butt), exaggeration of lumbar curvature, treated with surgery, physical therapy, and bracing

Spina Bifida

birth defect, spinal column of fetus doesn’t close completely leaving nerves vulnerable to damage, treated with surgery, prevented with vitamins

RA rheumatoid Arthritis

form of arthritis and common in wrist and fingers, joints become deformed, treated with surger