THE WORLD AROUND US

Australia (n)

​a large island country and continent in the south-west Pacific Ocean

Australian (n)

a person from Australia

Brazil (n)

a country in South America

Brazilian (n)

a person from Brazil

Portuguese (n)

the language used in Portugal and Brazil and some other countries

China (n)

a country in East Asia

Chinese (n)

a person from China, or whose family was originally from China

mandarin (n)

the standard form of Chinese, which is the official language of China

Cantonese (n)

a form of Chinese spoken mainly in southern China, including Hong Kong

Egypt (n)

a country in North Africa

Egyptian (n)

(a person) from Egypt

Arabic (n)

the language of the Arabs

France (n)

a country in western Europe

French (n)

the people of France

French (n)

the language of France and some other countries

Germany (n)

a country in central Europe

German (n)

a person from Germany

German (n)

the language of Germany, Austria and parts of Switzerland

Greece (n)

a country in south-eastern Europe

Greek (n)

a person from modern or ancient Greece

Greek (n)

the language of modern or ancient Greece

Israel (n)

a country in western Asia

Israeli (n)

(a person) from Israel

Hebrew (n)

the language traditionally used by the Hebrew people

Italy (n)

a country in southern Europe

Italian (n)

a person from Italy

Italian (n)

the language of Italy

Poland (n)

a country in central Europe

Polish (n)

the language of Poland

Russia (n)

a country in northern Asia and eastern Europe

Russian (n)

a person from Russia

Russian (n)

the language of Russia

Saudi Arabia (n)

a country in south-western Asia

Saudi Arabian (adj)

a person from Saudi Arabia

Spain (n)

a country in south-western Europe

Spanish (n)

the language of Spain, Mexico and most countries in Central and South America

Switzerland (n)

a country in central Europe

Swiss (n)

a person from Switzerland

Turkey (n)

a country in western Asia and south-eastern Europe

Turkish (n)

the language of Turkey

capital (n)

the most important town or city of a country or region, where the government operates from

continent (n)

one of the large land masses of the earth such as Europe, Asia or Africa

continental (adj)

of or in the continent of Europe, not including Britain and Ireland

continental (n)

a person who lives in the continent of Europe, not including Britain and Ireland

the Middle East (n)

an area that covers south-west Asia and north-east Africa, stretching from the Mediterranean to Pakistan and including the Arabian peninsula

United Arab Emirates (n)

tiểu các vương quốc Ả rập thống nhất - a country in south-western Asia

the Far East (n)

China, Japan and other countries of East and South-East Asia

Caribbean (n)

the region consisting of the Caribbean Sea and its islands, including the West Indies, and the coasts that surround it

Scandinavia (n)

a cultural region in north-west Europe consisting of Norway, Sweden and Denmark and sometimes also Iceland, Finland and the Faroe Islands

cave (n)

a large hole in the side of a hill or cliff or under the ground

canal (n)

a long straight passage dug in the ground and filled with water for boats and ships to travel along; a smaller passage used for carrying water to fields, crops, etc.

falls (n)

a large amount of water falling down from a height

surface (n)

the top layer of an area of water or land

temperature (n)

the measurement in degrees of how hot or cold a thing or place is

minus (prep)

used to express temperature below zero degrees

be covered with something

spread over surface

be covered in something

to put or spread a layer of liquid, dust, etc. on somebody/something

cover something

include

consist of somebody/something

to be formed from the people or things mentioned

region (n)

a large area of land, usually without exact limits or borders

regional (adj)

of or relating to a region

regionalism (n)

the desire of the people who live in a particular region of a country to have more independent control in political and economic decisions

regionally (adv)

in a way that is connected with a region

contrast (n)

a difference between two or more people or things that you can see clearly when they are compared or put close together; the fact of comparing two or more things in order to show the differences between them

contrast (v)

to compare two things in order to show the differences between them

contrastive (adj)

showing the differences between things, especially between languages

contrasting (adj)

very different in style, colour or attitude

landscape (n)

everything you can see when you look across a large area of land, especially in the country

climate (n)

the regular pattern of weather conditions of a particular place

climactic (adj)

very exciting, most important

distance (n)

the amount of space between two places or things

fog (n)

a thick cloud of very small drops of water in the air close to the land or sea that is very difficult to see through

foggy (adj)

not clear because of fog

ice (n)

water that has frozen and become solid

icy (adj)

​covered with ice

come out

when the sun, moon or stars come out, they appear

blow (v)

when the wind or a current of air blows, it is moving; when it blows, the wind is blowing

pour (v)

when rain pours down or when it’s pouring (with) rain, rain is falling heavily

storm (n)

very bad weather with strong winds and rain, and often thunder and lightning

shower (n)

a short period of rain or snow

thunderstorm (n)

a storm with thunder and lightning and usually very heavy rain

humid (adj)

(of the air or climate) warm and slightly wet

thunder (n)

the loud noise that you hear after a flash of lightning, during a storm

lightning (n)

a flash, or several flashes, of very bright light in the sky caused by electricity

boiling (adj)

​very hot

freezing (adj)

extremely cold

mild (adj)

not very cold, and therefore pleasant

parrot (n)

a tropical bird with a curved beak. There are several types of parrot, most of which have bright feathers. Some are kept as pets and can be trained to copy human speech.

cage (n)

a structure made of metal bars or wire in which animals or birds are kept

donkey (n)

an animal of the horse family, with short legs and long ears. People ride donkeys or use them to carry heavy loads.

bull (n)

the male of any animal in the cow family

endangered (adj)

at risk of no longer existing

camel (n)

an animal with a long neck and one or two humps on its back, used in desert countries for riding on or for carrying goods

giraffe (n)

a tall African animal with a very long neck, long legs, and dark marks on its coat

leopard (n)

a large animal of the cat family, usually with yellow-brown fur with black spots. Leopards live in Africa and southern Asia.

creature (n)

a living thing, real or imaginary, that can move around, such as an animal

octopus (n)

a sea creature with a soft round body and eight long arms, which is sometimes used for food