Chapter 04: Genes and Cellular Function

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the structure and function of DNA, the cell cycle, and mitosis from Chapter 04 of the lecture notes.

What is the essential function of DNA?

To carry instructions (genes) for the synthesis of proteins.

What are the components of a nucleotide?

A sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

What are the two types of nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

Purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (cytosine and thymine).

What is the significance of the law of complementary base pairing?

It allows us to predict the sequence of one DNA strand if we know the other.

What is chromatin?

Fine filamentous DNA material complexed with proteins called histones.

What happens during the G1 phase of the cell cycle?

The cell carries out normal tasks and synthesizes proteins and materials for the next phase.

What is the result of mitosis?

Two genetically identical daughter cells.

What occurs during prophase of mitosis?

Genetic material condenses into compact chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope disintegrates.

What is cytokinesis?

The division of the cytoplasm into two cells.

What factors stimulate cell division?

Adequate cytoplasm for two daughter cells, replicated DNA, an adequate supply of nutrients, stimulation by growth factors, and space opened by the death of neighboring cells.