NPTE: muscles

actions > innervations > origins/insertions

pectoralis major

shoulder flexion, IR, horizontal add, scapular protraction/depression

lateral pectoral n

pectoralis minor

scapular protraction/down rotation/depression

medial pectoral n

serratus anterior

scapular upward rotation, protraction, depression

long thoracic n

trapezius

scapular elevation/retraction/depression

CN XI (spinal accessory n)

rhomboid major/minor

shoulder add, scapular retraction/elevation

dorsal scapular n

levator scapulae

scapular elevation/down rotation; ipsilateral c/s flex/rot/ext

C3-C4 (ventral rami of spinal nerves), dorsal scapular n

sternocleidomastoid

ipsi cervical lateral flex and contralateral cervical rot

CN XI (spinal accessory n)

latissimus dorsi

shoulder IR, add, ext

thoracodorsal n

deltoid

shoulder abd, flex, ext

axillary n

teres major

shoulder IR, ext, add

subscapular n

coracobrachialis

shoulder flex

musculocutaneous n

subscapularis

shoulder IR, adduct

subscapular n

supraspinatus

shoulder abd up to 15 deg

suprascapular n

infraspinatus

shoulder ER

suprascapular n

teres minor

shoulder ER

axillary n

biceps (long/short head)

shoulder flex, elbow flex, supination

musculocutaneous n

brachialis

elbow flex

musculocutaneous n

triceps (long head, medial head, lateral head)

shoulder ext, elbow ext

radial n

brachioradialis

elbow flex

radial n.

anconeus

weak elbow ext

radial n

extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis

wrist ext, radial dev

radial n

extensor digitorum of hand

ext MCP and IP 2nd-5th

radial n

extensor digiti minimi

extend MCP and IP of 5th

radial n

extensor carpi ulnaris

wrist ext, ulnar dev

abductor pollicis longus

abd and ext CMC of 1st

radial n

extensor pollicis brevis

ext MCP, CMC of 1st

radial n

extensor pollicis longus

ext MCP, CMC of 1st

radial n

extensor indicis

wrist and finger ext of 2nd

radial n

supinator

supination

radial n

pronator teres

pronation, elbow flex

median n

flexor carpi radialis

wrist flex, radial dev

median n

palmaris longus

wrist flex

median n

flexor carpi ulnaris

wrist flex, ulnar dev

ulnar n

flexor digitorum superficialis

flex PIPs of 2nd-5th

median n

flexor digitorum profundus

flex wrist, flex DIP 2nd-5th

ulnar/median n

flexor pollicis longus

flex distal phalanx 1st

median n

pronator quadratus

pronation

median n

abductor pollicis brevis

abduction MCP, CMC of 1st

median n

flexor pollicis bbrevis

flexion 1st

median n

opponens pollicis

opposition 1st

median n

adductor pollicis

adduction 1st

ulnar n

abductor digiti minimi

abduction at MCP 5th

ulnar n

flexor digiti minimi

flexion of 5th

ulnar n

opponens digiti minimi

flexion of 5th, opposition of 5th

ulnar n

lumbricals

flex at MCP, ext at IP

ulnar/median n

dorsal interossei

abduction 2nd/3rd/4th from midline

ulnar n

palmar interossei

adduction 2nd/4th/5th towards 3rd, flex at MCP, ext at IP

ulnar n

external intercostals

elevate ribs during inspiration

intercostal n

internal intercostals

draw ribs downward during forced expiration

intercostal n

transverse thoracis

depress ribs

intercostal n

quadratus lumborum

extension l/s, lateral flexion l/s, expiration

ventral ramus spinal nerve roots T12-L3

psoas major

flexion l/s, lateral flexion l/s, hip flexion

branches ventral rami L1-L3

iliacus

hip flexion

femoral n

rectus abdominis

expiration, trunk flexion

thoracic n

external oblique

trunk flexion, posterior pelvic tilt, lateral flexion/contralateral rotation trunk

thoracic n

internal oblique

trunk flexion, posterior pelvic tilt, lateral flexion/ipsilateral rotation trunk

thoracic n, lumbar n

transverse abdominis

stabilization for other abdominal muscles, compress abdominal cavity

thoracic n, lumbar n

rectus femoris

flex hip, ext knee

femoral n

vastus lateralis

ext knee

femoral n

vastus medialis/intermedius/lateralis

ext knee

femoral n

sartorius

hip flex, hip abd, hip ER, knee flex

femoral n

pectineus

hip flex, add, IR

femoral n

adductor longus/brevis

hip add, flex, IR

obturator n

adductor magnus

hip add, ext, IR

obturator, tibial part of sciatic n

gracilis

hip flex, add, IR, knee flex

obturator n

gluteus maximus

hip ext, ER, hip add (2nd)

inferior gluteal n

gluteus medius/minimus

hip abd, hip ER/IR

superior gluteal n

tensor fasciae latae

hip flex, abd, IR

superior gluteal n

piriformis

hip ER

n to piriformis

biceps femoris/semimembranosus/semitendinosus

hip ext, knee flex

sciatic n

tibialis anterior

dorsiflexion, inversion

deep peroneal n

extensor digitorum longus

toe extension, ankle dorsiflexion, eversion

deep peroneal n

extensor hallucis longus

1st toe extension, ankle dorsiflexion, inversion

deep peroneal n

peroneus tertius

ankle dorsiflexion, eversion

deep peroneal n

peroneus longus/brevis

plantarflexion, eversion

superficial peroneal n

gastrocnemius

plantar flexion, knee flexion

tibial n

soleus

plantarflexion

tbial n

plantaris

slight knee flexion, plantarflexion

tibial n

popliteus

knee flexion, knee IR

tibial n

flexor digitorum longus

2nd-5th toe flexion, plantar flexion, inversion

tibial n

flexor hallucis longus

1st toe flexion, plantarflexion, inversion

tibial n

tibialis posterior

plantarflexion, inversion

tibial n

abductor hallucis

abduct 1st toe

medial plantar n

flexor digitorum brevis

2nd-4th toe flexion

medial plantar n

abductor digiti minimi

5th toe abduction, flexion

lateral plantar n

quadratus plantae

toe flexion

lateral plantar n

lumbricals of foot

MTP flexion, IP extension

medial/lateral plantar n

flexor hallucis brevis

1st toe flex

medial plantar n

adductor hallucis

1st toe adduct

lateral plantar n

flexor digiti minimi

5th toe flex

lateral plantar n

dorsal interossei of foot

abd 2nd-4th, flex MTP

lateral plantar n

plantar interossei of foot

abd 3rd-5th, flex MTP

lateral plantar n