Erosional processes, outside influences and landforms

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Hydraulic action/wave quarrying

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Hydraulic action/wave quarrying

  • Force if waves compresses water and trapped air into faults and joints in the rock.

  • Pressure forces the cracks open meaning more air is trapped

  • This eventually causes blocks of rock to erode from the cliff

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2

Abrasion (corrasion)

  • Sediment is picked up by the breaking waves and is thrown at the cliff face

  • The sediment chips away at the cliff, gradually wearing it down and removing rock particles

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3

What is attrition?

  • when already eroded sediment is moved by waves they collide with each other and chips away

  • This causes sediment to become smaller and rounder overtime

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4

What is solution (corrosion)

  • carbonate rocks (limestone) are vulnerable to rain and salt water (spray) and dissolve

  • This can cause overhang

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5

Influence of lithology on erosional processes

Hydraulic action

  • heavily jointed/fissured sedimentary rocks are vulnerable

  • In very hard igneous rocks HA might be the only erosional process operating

Abrasion

  • loose sediment must be available

  • Softer sedimentary rocks are vulnerable

Attrition

  • softer rocks are rapidly reduced in size

Solution

  • mainly effects limestone

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6

What landforms occur due to erosion.

  • headlands

  • CCAS

  • Geo

  • Blowhole

  • Wave-cut notch/platform

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7

What is a blowhole?

A vertical fault hat has been widened by a wave attack

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8

What is a geo?

  • Wave refraction concentrates on both sides of a headland.

  • Erosion focuses on weaknesses and a cave is formed

  • The cave becomes deeper and supports the roof less and less

  • Finally, due to gravity the roof collapses to form a geo

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9

Formation of crack-cave-arch-stack

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