Y10 Genetics and Biotechnology Depth Study

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from the Y10 Genetics and Biotechnology depth study, including techniques and ethical considerations surrounding DNA profiling and genetic testing.

DNA Profiling

A method used to identify an individual's DNA characteristics for comparison, often used in forensics.

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

A technique used to amplify small segments of DNA, making millions of copies of a specific DNA sequence.

Gel Electrophoresis

A technique used to separate DNA fragments based on their size, allowing for analysis and comparison.

STRs (Short Tandem Repeats)

Repeating sequences in DNA that are used in profiling for genetic analysis due to their variability among individuals.

Restriction Endonucleases

Enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences, creating defined fragments for analysis.

Southern Blotting

A technique used to transfer DNA patterns from a gel to a nylon sheet for analysis and comparison.

Real-time PCR

A variation of PCR that allows for the measurement of DNA amplification in real-time, enabling quantification.

Karyotyping

The process of pairing and ordering all the chromosomes of an organism to analyze genetic abnormalities.

CRISPR

A gene editing technology that allows for precise modifications to DNA by using a guide RNA and the Cas9 protein.

Genetic Discrimination

Discrimination against individuals based on their genetic makeup, often in terms of employment, insurance, or healthcare.

Narrow Genome Sequencing

A rapid and cost-effective method for sequencing targeted regions of the genome.

DNA Microarray Technology

A tool used to analyze gene expression or detect specific mutations by comparing DNA samples.

Paternity Testing

The process of determining biological relationships between individuals using DNA analysis.

Syndromic Testing

A testing approach that allows for the detection of multiple pathogens from a single sample.

Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI)

A framework addressing the ethical, legal, and social issues arising from genetics research.

Amplification,

The process of making multiple copies of a specific DNA sequence.

DNA Ladder

A standard used in gel electrophoresis to determine the size of DNA fragments based on known lengths.

Non-invasive Prenatal Screening

A technique to analyze fetal DNA from maternal blood to screen for genetic conditions.

Bioinformatics

The application of computer technology to manage and analyze biological data, particularly in genetic research.