History of Phlebotomy PART 2

vein ; to make an incision

• From the Greek word phlebo which means _______and tomy which means ________________.

Phlebotomy

Act of drawing or removing blood from the circulatory system through a cut or puncture to obtain a sample for analysis and diagnosis

Phlebotomy

Also done as part of the patient’s treatment for certain blood disorders

Egyptians

first to perform bleeding by scarification

scarification

Egyptians are the first to perform bleeding by _______?

Galen of Pergamon

He discovered that arteries as well as veins had blood. Previously it was thought that arteries were filled with air

Galen of Pergamon

Developed quite a complex system for the quantity of blood which should be removed and from what specific areas of the body

The Pilgrims

Often credited as bringing phlebotomy to the United States in the 18th century

The Pilgrims

It was common at this time to use lancets that were fired into veins at multiple locations, withdrawing up to four pints of blood

four pints of blood

It was common at this time to use lancets that were fired into veins at multiple locations, withdrawing up to _________.

Bloodletting

This was a popular service for almost one hundred years, although it went out of fashion as many harmful incidents came to light

Bleeding

a standard treatment in the 18th century. Treatment for fever such as putrid fevers (typhus and typhoid fever).

Bleeding

Treatment of hypertension, cases of comas, drowsy headaches.

210 ounces bled over a 6‐day period

Recommended for inflammation of the lungs according to the amount of pain, the pounding of the pulse and the difficulty in breathing.

George Washington

On December 13, he was taken ill with a ‘cold’ and ‘mild hoarseness’.

2365 mL

What is the total mL of blood was taken from George Washington over 12 hours

dehydration and hypovolemia

Washington died from his blood becoming viscous and flowed slowly, reflecting ______ and ________.

December 13, 1799

George Washington (1799) was taken ill with a ‘cold’ and ‘mild hoarseness’. A total of 2365 mL of blood was taken over 12 hours. James Craik, an Edinburgh trained physician, offered no explanation for this.

James Craik and Brown

the two physician who attended George Washington

American Civil War (1861–1865)

During the ____________, military doctors, unable to cope with widespread disease and infection, bled Union soldiers and civilians alike.

Thumb Lancet

was introduced in the fifteenth century. It was a double‐edged instrument, often with ornate handles made out of turtle shells

Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) , Robert Koch (1843–1910)

proved conclusively that inflammation resulted from infection and thus was not susceptible to bloodletting.

Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) , Robert Koch (1843–1910)

They offered a scientifically legitimate way of thinking about the cause and treatment of the patient’s illness

Therapeutic Phlebotomy

is when blood drawn to treat a disease like polycythemia vera.

Polycythemia vera (PV)

is a condition where the bone marrow goes into “overdrive” and makes too many red blood cells, along with too many white blood cells and platelets.

April 2008

In _________, three Kashmiri hospitals were reported to be using leeches, primarily to bleed patients as treatment for heart problems, arthritis, gout, chronic headaches and sinusitis.

three Kashmiri hospitals

The hospital that are reported to be using leeches

1953

Army Lancet

Phlebotomy

used every day to diagnose health problems and introduce medication intravenously.

Blood transfusions

Phelebotomy also used in life- saving procedures like

phlebotomists

The trained professionals who withdraw blood in clinics and hospitals all over the world.

1 billion venipunctures

In the United States, it is estimated that more than___________ are performed annually, and errors occurring within this process may cause serious harm to patients, either directly or indirectly

• Appropriateness of the test request

• Patient and sample identification

• Criteria for acceptance and rejection of specimens

• Communication and interpretation of results

Critical areas include:

Specimen Collection

__________ is the first step in most laboratory analysis.

Test results

________ are therefore said to be as good as sample collection and handling.

collected, transported, and processed

The quality of specimen is depends on how a specimen was _________, _______ and _______.

PHLEBOTOMIST AS A LABORATORY AMBASSADOR

The only laboratory staff member that a patient sees.

PHLEBOTOMIST AS A LABORATORY AMBASSADOR

Expected to deliver unexcelled customer satisfaction.

PHLEBOTOMIST AS A LABORATORY AMBASSADOR

It is important to understand and know the patient’s expectations, manage unrealistic expectations through patient education, and be diplomatic with customer complaints.

Conscious In-patients

– verbally ask their full names, verify it using the identification bracelet which includes first and last name, hospital number/unit number, room/bed and physician’s name.

Sleeping patients

– they must be awakened before blood collection. Identified same as conscious patients.

Unconscious patients/Mentally incompetent patients

– identified by asking the attending nurse or relative; ID bracelet

Infants and Children

– nurse or relative may identify the patient or by ID bracelet

Outpatient patient

– verbally ask their full name, DOB and countercheck with driver’s license or ID with photo. If the patient has ID card or bracelet, same manner as with hospitalized patients.