Lecture Notes Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes for exam review.

What is bounded awareness?

The concept that our awareness is limited, preventing us from seeing or considering all relevant information.

What is bounded rationality?

Acknowledges that humans make decisions with limited information, time, and cognitive resources.

What are problem-solving strategies?

Strategies such as algorithms and trial and error used to solve problems.

What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

A hypothesis suggesting that the structure of a language affects its speakers' worldview or cognition.

What is the social brain hypothesis?

The hypothesis that the relatively large size of the human brain evolved to handle complex social cognition and relationships.

What are areas of language development?

Semantic, syntactic, etc.

What is reliability?

Consistency of a measure.

What is validity?

Accuracy of a measure.

What are personality traits?

Consistent patterns of thought, feeling, and behavior.

What are the Big 5 factors of personality?

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.

What is the HEXACO model?

Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience.

What is the narrative identity of oneself?

An internalized and evolving story of the self.

What is affective forecasting?

Predicting one's emotional state in the future.

What are types of heuristics?

Mental shortcuts that simplify decision-making.

What is subjective well-being?

An individual's personal evaluation of their own happiness and life satisfaction.

What is positive affect?

Pleasurable feelings or emotions.

What are descriptive norms?

Perceptions of what most people do in a given situation.

What is the difference between normative influence and informational influence?

Conforming to fit in with a group (normative) versus conforming because you believe the group is informed (informational).

What is the significance of Asch's conformity study?

Demonstrated the power of conformity in groups.

What are persuasion tricks like door-in-the-face vs foot-in-the-door?

Door-in-the-face involves making a large request before a smaller one; foot-in-the-door involves starting with a small request and then asking for a larger one.

What is the triad of trustworthiness?

Trustworthiness, authority, and likeability.

What is the difference between ingroup bias and self-categorization theory?

The tendency to favor one's own group, versus self-categorization theory which explains how people decide whether to view themselves as part of a group.

What are examples of psychological tests?

MMPI, IAT, etc.

What is Cognitive-behavioral therapy?

A type of therapy that combines cognitive and behavioral techniques to change negative thought patterns and behaviors.

What is Obsessive compulsive disorder and its symptoms?

Characterized by obsessions (intrusive thoughts) and compulsions (repetitive behaviors).

What is Social anxiety disorder?

Characterized by excessive fear of social situations.

What is the difference between Agoraphobia and panic disorder?

Agoraphobia is the fear of places or situations where escape might be difficult or help might not be available; panic disorder involves sudden attacks of intense fear.

What are symptoms of anxiety disorders?

Excessive worry, restlessness, and difficulty concentrating.

What are Bipolar disorders?

Involve periods of both elevated (mania) and depressed mood.

What is Anhedonia?

Inability to experience pleasure.

What is the difference between Major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder?

Major depressive disorder is characterized by persistent sadness or loss of interest; persistent depressive disorder is a chronic form of depression.

What are effective pharmacological treatments for schizophrenia?

Antipsychotic medications can reduce psychotic symptoms.

What is the difference between Persecutory delusions and delusions of grandeur?

Persecutory delusions involve the belief that one is being harmed or targeted; delusions of grandeur involve the belief that one has exceptional abilities or importance.

What are Symptoms of personality disorders?

Involve inflexible and maladaptive personality traits that cause distress or impairment.