AP World Chapter 9 Notes: Revolutions of Industrialization 1750-1900

These flashcards cover key concepts and events from the Industrial Revolution period as discussed in the lecture notes.

What was a significant factor that made the Industrial Revolution revolutionary?

Massive demand for global energy in non-renewable raw materials such as coal and iron.

How did the Industrial Revolution affect population growth?

Food production increased, leading to the population rising from 375 million in 1400 to about 1 billion by the end of the 19th century.

Which invention by John Kay in 1733 revolutionized the textile industry?

The flying shuttle.

What was the First Industrial Society characterized by in Britain?

A dramatic change where industrial work overwhelmingly replaced farming.

What was the role of women in the middle class during the Industrial Revolution?

Middle-class women typically managed the home and were discouraged from paid labor, although some worked in teaching, clerical jobs, and nursing.

What percentage of Britain's population made up the laboring class?

70%.

How did socialism emerge as a reaction to industrialization?

Workers formed unions to improve conditions, challenging the assumptions of capitalism.

Who were Marx and Engels, and what did they write?

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote the Communist Manifesto, arguing that history is a history of class struggles.

What contributed to the industrialization of Russia in the late 19th century?

State initiatives such as exporting grain for machinery and building the trans-Siberian railroad.

What significant political changes occurred in Russia after the insurrection of 1905?

The tsar granted a constitution, legalized trade unions and political parties, and permitted the election of a national assembly.

What were some effects of the Industrial Revolution on society?

The emergence of a new social order with an increased middle class, urbanization, and poor working conditions leading to political and social movements.

What was the primary role of the American Federation of Labor?

It focused on skilled workers and avoided aligning with political parties.

What was the Mexican Revolution aimed at achieving?

To take land from the rich and give it to the poor, along with giving universal male suffrage and workers' rights.

What was the consequence of the dependency of Latin America on agricultural exports during the 19th century?

Lack of industrialization and a huge lower class with no real market for goods.