CSI: Part 1

diatomic molecules

molecules consist of two atoms, which can be of the same or different chemical elements, such as O2 (oxygen) or HCl (hydrogen chloride).

metallic bonding

type of chemical bond that occurs between metal atoms, characterized by a "sea of electrons" that allow for conductivity and malleability.

covalent bonding

type of chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons, leading to the creation of molecules.

polyatomic ion

an ion composed of two or more atoms that are covalently bonded together, carrying a net charge.

ionic compound

A chemical compound composed of ions held together by ionic bonds, typically formed from the transfer of electrons between a metal and a non-metal.

combustion reaction

a chemical reaction that involves the burning of a substance in oxygen, producing heat and light, typically resulting in the formation of carbon dioxide and water.

single replacement reaction

A chemical reaction where one element displaces another element in a compound, resulting in a new element and a new compound.

synthesis

reaction where two or more substances combine to form a new compound.

decomposition

a chemical reaction where a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances.

double replacement reaction

A chemical reaction where two compounds exchange ions or elements to form two new compounds.This type of reaction typically occurs in aqueous solutions and involves the formation of a precipitate, gas, or water.

N2

example of a diatomic molecule

8 Fe + S₈ → 8 FeS

example of a synthesis reaction

2 H₂O → 2 H₂ + O₂

example of a decomposition reaction

Zn + 2 HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂

example of a single replacement reaction

NaCl(aq) + AgNO₃(aq) → NaNO₃(aq) + AgCl(s)

example of a double replacement reaction

C₁₀H₈ + 12 O₂ → 10 CO₂ + 4 H₂O

example of a combustion reaction

chemical change

A process that results in the formation of new substances with different properties from the original substances. This typically involves breaking and forming chemical bonds.

physical change

A process that alters a substance's physical properties without changing its chemical composition. Examples include changes in state, temperature, or appearance.