Push/Pull Factors

Push Factors

things that make people want to leave their home country

Government oppression or persecution (e.g., political persecution, apartheid)

Push

Violence or conflict (e.g., Sharpeville Massacre, war)

Push

Unjust imprisonment or harsh legal punishment (e.g., Joseph Muluma, Thandiwe Ndlovu cases)

Push

Economic hardship or unemployment

Push

Lack of access to basic services (healthcare, education)

Push

Pull Factors

things that attract people to a new country

Safety from violence or political persecution

Pull

Opportunity for asylum or legal protection

Pull

Better economic opportunities (jobs, stable income)

Pull

Access to education, healthcare, and social support

Pull

Family reunification or community support in the new country

Pull

Countries demonstrating humanitarian values (e.g., U.S. and Australia accepting refugees)

Pull