need to know wars and treaties ap euro ap exam

diet of worms

luther’s trial, held in 1521 where Martin Luther was called to defend his writings before the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. This assembly was pivotal in the Protestant Reformation.

hapsburg-valois feud

charles V supporting the french, an ongoing struggle for power between the Habsburg and Valois dynasties in Europe during the 16th century, marked by numerous conflicts and shifting alliances.

edict of nantes

freedom of religion in france

treaty of westphalia

ended 30 years war, last religious war, starts religious and ends political

glorious revolution

constitutional monarchy in britain, english bill of rights signed, transition of power from James II to William and Mary in 1688, establishing parliamentary sovereignty.

treaty of paris (63)

ended 7 years war, recognized British supremacy in North America and granted France territories in the west.

fall of the bastille

beginning of french revolution

congress of vienna

end of napoleonic wars, reorganization of Europe, restoring monarchies and balance of power.

french rev 1789

caused by famine and debt, louis XVI -→ national assembly → jacobins → robespierre → napoleon

austro prussian war

bismarck vs austria to unify germany, prussia wins and germany unites

franco prussian war

bismarck vs france to unify germany, prussia wins and germany unites

wwi

began with killing of archduke franz ferdinand, central powers vs entente, entente wins

treaty of versailles

ends wwi, heavy reparations on germany and redrew European borders.

wwii

began with invasion of poland and appeasement, allies vs axis, allies win

reunification of germany

east and west germany merged, united germany after fall of berlin wall

diismantling of ussr

breakup of the ussr into 15 independent republics, end of communist rule and the cold war triggered by economic crisis, political reforms, and nationalist movement