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wheat seed features
Nutrients are concentrated in the bran and the germ, Einkorn has glumes, Naked grain - easily comes off the plant
wheat Origin
Mesopotamia
wheat Cultivation
requires high input of fertilizers, water, herbicides and pesticides. Monoculture
Durum wheat
used to make pastas
bread wheat
has high gluten content
Gluten
the protein that gives bread elasticity
Whole wheat bread
contains both the bran and the germ
white bread
only contains the endosperm, longer shelf life
Nutritional value of wheat
great source of carbohydrate and fiber, contains 13% protein
rice origins
southeast asia, evolved from marsh grass
rice Cultivation
grown along water fern, planted on flooded fields (rice has air chambers for this)
Long grain rice
doesn't stick together
Short grain rice
sticky
Brown rice
whole grain, has more vitamins, oil and fiber because it has the outer layer
White rice
diet on only white rice leads to thiamine deficiency (beriberi), mostly carbs and low on other nutrients
Golden Rice case study
genetically engineered to synthesize vitamin A, prevents blindness in developing countries
how do they make golden rice
Cut gene and plasmid with restriction enzymes, put them together to create a vector and shoot particles into the leaf of the plant, select cells to grow under specific conditions