Lab 5 Study Guide – Cranial Nerves, Reflexes, and Special Senses

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering cranial nerves, reflex actions, and concepts related to vision and reaction time experiments.

CN I

Olfactory - Smell, Sensory, Sniffing ad identifying 3 scents

CN II

Optic - Visual Acuity, Sensory, Snellen Eye Chart

CN III

Oculomotor - Eye movement, Pupil Dilation, Motor, Penlight shined in eyes, follow moving object

CN IV

Trochlear - eye movement, Motor, follow moving object

CN V

Trigeminal - Facial sensation, Facial expression, Both, clench teeth, sense cold touch

CN VI

Abducens - Lateral eye movement, Motor, follow moving object

CN VII

Facial - taste, facial expression, Both, taste 4 substances, close eyes, smile

CN VIII

Vestibulocochlear - hearing, balance, Sensory, tuning fork

CN IX

Glossopharyngeal - taste, swallowing, both, use tongue depressor check gag reflex

CN X

Vagus - sensation in throat, visceral muscles, Both, tongue depressor check gag reflex

CN XI

Accessory - head and shoulder movement, Motor, rotate head, shrug shoulders against resistance

CN XII

Hypoglossal - tongue movement, Motor, stick tongue in and out

Peripheral Vision

Vision that occurs due to the rods concentrated in the outer retina.

Blind Spot

Area at the optic disc where there are no photoreceptors, causing a loss of visual information.

Afterimage

illusion that occurs when photoreceptors are fatigued after staring at an object.

Reaction Time Experiment

Study measuring the time it takes to respond to a stimulus.

Independent Variable of reaction time experiment

The word stimulus used when ruler was dropped

Dependent Variable

the distance the ruler falls before being caught

standardized variables in ruler

same ruler, same person, same starting postition, same hand

Control Group

the normal reaction time test

Experimental Group

the word association reaction test

Mean Calculation

The average, calculated as the sum of all trials divided by the number of trials.

Percent Change Formula

((after − before) ÷ before) × 100.

Spinal Reflex Arc

receptor(stimulus), sensory neuron (to spinal cord), integrating center (interneuron in spinal cord), motor neuron (response signal), and effector(muscle or gland).

Patellar Reflex Arc

Stimulus: tap on patellar ligament

Receptor: muscle spindle in quadriceps

Sensory neuron: signal travels to spinal cord

Integration: synapse in spinal cord

Motor neuron: signal sent back to quadriceps

Effector: quadriceps contracts → leg extends

Stimulus Patellar Reflex Arc

tap on patellar ligament

Receptor in Patellar Reflex

Muscle spindle located in the quadriceps.

Spinal Cord Level for Patellar Reflex

L2–L4.

Motor Neuron in Patellar Reflex

Sends signal back to the quadriceps.

Response in Patellar Reflex

leg kicks forward.

Tuning Fork Hearing Test

A test used to assess hearing ability.

Gag Reflex Test

glossopharyngeal

Pen light

optic, oculomotor

Snellen Chart

optic

Touch Face Test

trigeminal

Facial Expression Test

facial