Principles of Animal Nutrition Chapter 1

Maintenance requirements can be ignored when formulating a diet for lactating dairy cows.

False

Nutrient requirements stay constant throughout pregnancy.

False

“Macro” and “micro” refer to how important a nutrient is to the diet

False

Which of the following factors can affect the nutrient requirement of an animal?

Production level, activity level age, breed

Which nutrient is found in the 2nd highest concentration in body?

Protein

Limiting amino acids are needed in the greatest quantity in diets.

False

Energy is a nutrient

False

Maintenance requirements can be ignored when formulating a diet for growing pigs

False

Pet food bought from the store is an example of a balanced diet

True

What facilitates absorption?

Digestion

The cecum is an important fermentation side for horses.

True

Do horses have a gall bladder?

False

Chyme exits the stomach

True

The digestive system of an herbivore is

Longer than a carnivore, greater ability to digest fiber, and more complex than a carnivore

Enzymes used for digestion are an example of ____________ digestion

Chemical

What portion of the avian digestive tract is responsible for the mechanical grinding of coarse feed?

Gizzard

The brush borer in the intestine refers to ______ which are located on _______. Their purpose is to help increase _______ and consequently improve ____________.

microvilli, villi, surface area, absorption

A lion is an example of a

carnivore

Feed intake and type of feed consumed can influence water consumption

True

The water requirement for most ruminant species is:

There is no set requirement

A neonate ruminant is similar to a monogastric/nonruminate animal at birth

True

All microbes are bacteria

False

The rumen _______ is important because it stimulates rumen ________, which is necessary to maintain proper rumen function.

Fiber mat, enzyme secretion

The relationship between ruminants and the rumen microbial population is an example of ______symbiosis.

Mutualism

The primary sources of water are from drinking water, water in feed, and metabolic water

True

The esophageal (reticular) grove is important for transporting milk past the rumen and reticulum in neonatal ruminants

True

Which starter diet option will lead to the best development of the rumen and reticulum?

Milk and grain

Select all of the feeds below that are considered ‘concentrate’ type feeds for livestock

Corn grain, mineral supplement, soybean meal

The nutrient content of forage is more variable than the nutrient content of grains.

True

Which of the following things are measured in a proximate analysis? Select all that apply

Dry matter, crude protein

The total amount of nutrients ______ change between dry matter and as-fed and nutrient density __________ in as-fed feed when compared to dry matter feed.

does not, decreases

Which of the following components within feed is the least digestible?

Lignin

Carbohydrates are the primary source of what in herbivore diets?

Energy

A high fiber diet fed to a cow would be expected to result in a greater proportion of propionate production in the reciulorumen

False

There is no absolute requirement for dietary carbohydrates in the diet

True

Disaccharides consist of how many sugar subunits?

2

Acetate is absorbed at a faster rate than butyrate in the rumen.

False

Cellulose is made up of ______ subunits with _______ glycosidic linkages

beta-D-glucose, beta-1,4

Almost all mammals have a requirement for glucose

True

Which of the following tissues/cells typically does not require glucose to function?

Rumen

Compared to grasses, legumes have a greater what?

Protein content

The components of the heat increment consist of all of the following except:

Basal metabolism

Stearate has a chemical formula of C18H36O2. Butyrate has a chemical formula of C4H8O2. Based on this information, the gross energy of stearate is expected to be what compared to butyrate?

Greater than

Glycolysis is a highly efficient pathway for extracting energy from glucose.

False

The TCA cycle is located in the cytoplasm of the cell

False

Metabolizable energy is the amount of energy required by the animal to meet its metabolic needs

False

Most feed ingredients and diets are initially converted into what type of energy?

Chemical

The units of energy generally used in the USA are calories

True

In general, the gross energy of carbohydrates is ______ fats.

less than

The electron transport chain requires oxygen for synthesis of ATP

True

Glucose and galactose use SGLT1, as a sodium symporter, to cross the brush border membrane

True