Chapter 3 - Society and Culture in Provincial America

Headright System

: by which masters received additional land grants for every servant they imported.

New World

The system of temporary servitude in the developed out of existing practices in England.

Great Awakening

The led to the division of congregations between "New Light "revivalists and "Old Light "traditionalists.

Church of England

The was established as the official faith in Virginia, Maryland, New York, the Carolinas, and Georgia.

substantial proportion

Widows, widowers, and orphans formed a(n) of the white population of the Chesapeake.

intellectual discoveries

The Enlightenment was largely the product of some of the great scientific and in seventeenth- century Europe.

African laborers

The first arrived in English North America before 1620.

Midwives

were popular because they were usually friends and neighbors of the people they treated, unlike physicians, who were few and therefore not often well known to their patients.

total immersion

All Baptists shared the belief that rebaptism, usually by , was necessary when believers reached maturity.

New England

The population more than quadrupled through reproduction alone in the second half of the seventeenth century.

London

The trading in tobacco and rice was handled largely by merchants based in and, later, in the northern colonies Northern Economic and Technological Life.

Black women

were often subjected to unwanted sexual advances from owners The Puritan Community.

American college

Harvard, the first , was established in 1636 by the General Court (legislature) of Massachusetts The Spread of Science.

Rice cultivation

was arduous work, performed standing knee- deep in the mud of malarial swamps under a blazing sun, surrounded by insects.

wives of small farmers

The wives of plantation owners, unlike the , could rely on servants to perform ordinary household chores.

major bust

The first in the tobacco economy occurred in 1640, and the boom- and- bust pattern continued throughout the colonial period and beyond.

importance of reproduction

The in the labor- scarce society of seventeenth- century America had particularly significant effects on women.

Wealthy planters

also shaped the livelihoods of small farmers, who could not effectively compete with the and thus depended on them to market crops and receive credit.

Religious toleration

flourished in many parts of America to a degree unmatched in any European nation.

Colonial cities

served as trading centers for the farmers of their regions and as marts for international trade.

English birth

A decrease in the rate and an increase in English prosperity reduced the pressures on many men and women who might otherwise have considered emigrating.

Great Awakening

The began in earnest in the 1730s, reached its climax in the 1740s, and brought a new spirit of religious fervor to the colonies.

Great Awakening

The caused one great upheaval in the culture of the colonies.