Chapter 3 - Society and Culture in Provincial America

Headright System

________: by which masters received additional land grants for every servant they imported.

New World

The system of temporary servitude in the ________ developed out of existing practices in England.

Great Awakening

The ________ led to the division of congregations between "New Light "revivalists and "Old Light "traditionalists.

Church of England

The ________ was established as the official faith in Virginia, Maryland, New York, the Carolinas, and Georgia.

substantial proportion

Widows, widowers, and orphans formed a(n) ________ of the white population of the Chesapeake.

intellectual discoveries

The Enlightenment was largely the product of some of the great scientific and ________ in seventeenth- century Europe.

African laborers

The first ________ arrived in English North America before 1620.

Midwives

________ were popular because they were usually friends and neighbors of the people they treated, unlike physicians, who were few and therefore not often well known to their patients.

total immersion

All Baptists shared the belief that rebaptism, usually by ________, was necessary when believers reached maturity.

New England

The ________ population more than quadrupled through reproduction alone in the second half of the seventeenth century.

London

The trading in tobacco and rice was handled largely by merchants based in ________ and, later, in the northern colonies Northern Economic and Technological Life.

Black women

________ were often subjected to unwanted sexual advances from owners The Puritan Community.

American college

Harvard, the first ________, was established in 1636 by the General Court (legislature) of Massachusetts The Spread of Science.

Rice cultivation

________ was arduous work, performed standing knee- deep in the mud of malarial swamps under a blazing sun, surrounded by insects.

wives of small farmers

The wives of plantation owners, unlike the ________, could rely on servants to perform ordinary household chores.

major bust

The first ________ in the tobacco economy occurred in 1640, and the boom- and- bust pattern continued throughout the colonial period and beyond.

importance of reproduction

The ________ in the labor- scarce society of seventeenth- century America had particularly significant effects on women.

Wealthy planters

________ also shaped the livelihoods of small farmers, who could not effectively compete with the ________ and thus depended on them to market crops and receive credit.

Religious toleration

________ flourished in many parts of America to a degree unmatched in any European nation.

Colonial cities

________ served as trading centers for the farmers of their regions and as marts for international trade.

English birth

A decrease in the ________ rate and an increase in English prosperity reduced the pressures on many men and women who might otherwise have considered emigrating.

Great Awakening

The ________ began in earnest in the 1730s, reached its climax in the 1740s, and brought a new spirit of religious fervor to the colonies.

Great Awakening

The ________ caused one great upheaval in the culture of the colonies.