2.3 & 2.4 Eukaryotic Evolution and Diversity

What are Eukaryotes

• They are a more complexed compared to prokaryotes

• Larger in size

• Has more genes

• Allows the formation of multicellular organisms

What is endosymbiosis ?

• One cell engulfed another cell but instead of digesting it the other cell survived inside and became an internal part of engulfing the cell

What is kingdom protista?

• Evolved from bacteria

• protists are different from prokaryotes because they are eukaryotic

• Has DNA in a nucleus, nucleus has membrane

• has long strand chromosomes

• more genes

• most are unicellular but some can be multicellular

3 general types of protists include?

• Animal like

• Plant like

• Fungus like

What are the 4 Animal like protists

• Zooflagellates

• Amoebas

• Ciliates

• Sporozoans

What are zooflagellates

• have one or more flagella used for locomotion

• asexual reproduction via binary fission

• can have different types of nutrition

• heterotrophic feed on other protists

• parasitic some feed on humans

What are amoebas

• single celled

• Asexual reproduction

• cell membrane without a cell

What are Ciliates

• protozoans covered with hair like projections

• cilia is used for locomotion

• moves ciliate through the water

• best known is the paramecium

What are sporozoans

• spores lead to the production of merozoites to produce gametes which form spores

• best know are from genus plasmodium

What is the life cycle of plasmodium

• mosquito carries the plasmodium

• mosquito bites individual release plasmodium from saliva into the blood

• it then enters the liver where they reproduce ( merozoites)

• re-enters the blood and infect the blood cells and reproduces asexually in the blood cells

• RBC burst releasing sporozoites

What are the 3 types of plant like protists

• Dinoflagellates

• Diatoms

• Euglenoids

what is Dinoflagellates

• single-celled protists (like algae/protozoa) common in marine and freshwater,

• known for their two flagella that cause a "whirling" motion, making them vital phytoplankton in food webs, producers of oxygen

What is Diatoms

• Diatoms are microscopic, single-celled algae known for their ornate, glass-like cell walls (frustules made of silica),

• found in almost all aquatic and moist soils

What is euglenoids

• Euglenoids are a diverse group of single-celled, eukaryotic organisms, often called flagellates

• known for their unique mix of plant-like (photosynthesis) and animal-like (movement, ingestion) traits

• commonly found in freshwater with abundant organic matter