Final Exam Review: Moles, Stoichiometry, and Gas Laws

What are the three mole conversion factors?

1 mol = 22.4 L, 1 mol = 6.02 x 10^23 particles, 1 mol = x g (molar mass)

How is Avogadro's number represented in calculations?

6.02 x 10^23 is typed in your calculator as 6.02E23.

What are the units of mass in chemistry?

Grams.

What are the units of volume in chemistry?

Liters (L) or milliliters (mL).

How do you convert moles to grams?

You need the molar mass from the periodic table.

What is the atomic mass of Chlorine?

35.5 g/mol.

What is the atomic mass of Copper?

63.5 g/mol.

What is dimensional analysis in chemistry?

It involves taking the GIVEN (# and units) and writing it as a fraction over one, then determining the units you are solving for.

What is the molar ratio used for in stoichiometry?

It is used to convert between two compounds using coefficients from a balanced equation.

What is the formula for molarity?

Molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution.

What does a saturated solution mean?

It means the solution has dissolved the maximum amount of solute at a given temperature.

What does an unsaturated solution mean?

It means the solution has not dissolved the maximum amount of solute at a given temperature.

What does a supersaturated solution mean?

It means more than the saturated amount of solute is dissolved at a given temperature.

How does temperature affect the solubility of solids?

As temperature increases, the solubility of a solid increases.

How does temperature affect the solubility of gases?

As temperature increases, the solubility of a gas decreases.

What is the effect of pressure on the solubility of gases?

As pressure increases, the solubility of a gas increases.

What is the pH of a 1.50 x 10^-3 M solution of NaOH?

pH = 11.2, indicating it is basic.

What is the pH of a 2.75 x 10^-5 M solution of HCl?

pH = 4.56, indicating it is acidic.

If pH is 3.65, what is the concentration of H+?

1.2 x 10^-4 M.

If pH is 3.65, what is the concentration of OH-?

4.5 x 10^-11 M.

What is the relationship between gas pressure and temperature?

As gas temperature increases, pressure increases (direct relationship).

What is Charles' Law?

It states that as gas temperature increases, volume increases (direct relationship).

What is Boyle's Law?

It states that as pressure on a gas increases, volume decreases (inverse relationship).

What are the standard conditions for STP?

Standard Temperature is 0°C (273 K) and Standard Pressure is 1 atm (760 torr or 760 mmHg).

What happens to the volume of gas when pressure increases?

The volume of gas decreases.

What happens to the volume of gas when temperature increases?

The volume of gas increases.