N441 - Unit 2

Omaha System

a research-based, comprehensive, standardized taxonomy or classification that exists in the public domain; designed to enhance practice, documentation, and information management; intended for use across the continuum of care for individuals, families, and communities who represent all ages, geographic locations, medical diagnoses, socioeconomic ranges, spiritual beliefs, ethnicity, and cultural values

• intervention scheme

• problem classification scheme

• problem rating scale for outcomes

Community Preventive Services Task Force (CPSTF)

an independent, nonfederal panel of 15 public health and prevention experts that produces The Guide to Community Practice

U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)

an independent panel of experts in prevention and evidence-based medicine

generates a set of recommendations (each given a letter grade)

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)

an independent panel of medical and public health experts that provides recommendations on immunizations (part of the CDC)

nursing informatics

the combination of nursing science with information and communication technologies in the delivery of nursing care

public health informatics

effective use of information and information technology to improve population health outcomes

big data

large routinely or automatically collected databases, which are electronically captured and stored; reusable in the sense of multipurpose data and comprises the fusion and connection of existing databases for the purpose of improving health and health system performance

CDC WONDER

an integrated information and communication system for public health

• promotes information-driven decision making by placing timely, useful facts in the hands of public health practitioners and researchers

• provides the general public with access to specific and detailed information from the CDC

CDC WISQARS

an interactive online database that provides fatal and nonfatal injury, violent death, and cost of injury data

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)

system of health-related telephone surveys that collect state data about U.S. residents regarding their health-related risk behaviors, chronic health conditions, and use of preventive services

adult data

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS)

set of surveys that track behaviors that can lead to poor health in students grades 9-12K

Kids Count

covers demographics, economic well-being, education, family and community, health, safety and risky behaviors, COVID-19, youth and young adults 

The National Survey of Children’s Health

includes data on physical and mental health, access to quality health care, and the child’s family, neighborhood, school, and social context 

BRFSS

Which database is your best source for health-related behaviors among adults?

WISQARS

Which database would be your best source for motor vehicle accident deaths?

elementary children

The Kids Count database can provide data for which population/age group?

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

provides the framework for equity in health at the WHO

infrastructure, affordable education, and a basic level of health/healthcare

economic prosperity of a country requires what three things?

infant mortality rate

which indicator is the best for predicting the health and stability of a country?

World Bank

mission is to end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity by providing low-interest loans, interest-free credit and grants to developing countries for education, health, infrastructure, communications and many other purposes

UNDP

primary focus is on helping countries towards the Sustainable Development Goals: eradicate poverty, reduce inequalities and exclusion, and build resilience so countries can sustain progress

UNICEF

mission is to fight for the rights of every child seeking safe shelter, nutrition, protection from disaster and conflicts, and equality

USAID

an independent agency that provides economic, developmental, and humanitarian assistance around the world in support of the foreign policy goals of the United States

epidemic

a significant increase in cases of a disease (exceeds the usual level of that condition) 

endemic

numbers of disease commonly present within a population

pandemic

an epidemic that occurs over a wide geographic area (often across the globe)

emerging disease

rarely or never seen before disease, but the incidence has increased over the past two decades or has the potential to increase in the near future

reemerging/resurging disease

disease that has been endemic in parts of the world but are now endemic in more countries and are increasing to epidemics in other countries

elimination

removing a disease from a large geographic area

eradication

irreversible termination of all transmission of infection by the extermination of the infectious agent worldwide

infectivity

capacity of the agent to enter and multiply in the host

pathogenicity

capacity of the agent to cause disease in the human host

virulence

severity of the infectious disease that results from infection

toxigenicity

ability of the agent to release toxins that contribute to disease within the human host

antigenicity

ability of the agent to produce antibodies in the human host

case-fatality rate

used in infectious disease to determine virulence (severity)

fomite transmission

transmission via an inanimate object

vertical transmission

parent to offspring transmission

horizontal transmission

person to person transmission

>/= 80%

what amount of vaccinated people do you typically need at minimum to achieve herd immunity?

measles

transmission: airborne, droplet

symptoms: fever, malaise, 3 C’s, Koplik spots, maculopapular rash

vaccination: 2 doses

cough, coryza, conjunctivitis

what are the 3 C’s of measles?

tuberculosis

transmission: airborne

symptoms: cough, fever, hemoptysis, chest pain, loss of appetite, fatigue, unexplained weight loss, night sweats

treatment: combination therapy for 6-9 months

isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol

what 4 drugs are commonly used to treat TB?

sexual orientation

the people you are attracted to romantically and sexually

gender identity

one’s internal sense of being male, female, neither, both, or another gender

collaboration

enhancing the capacity to promote and protect health for mutual benefit and a common purpose

coalition-building

helps promote and develop alliances among organizations or constituencies for a common purpose (builds links, solves problems, and/or enhances local leadership)

does not occur at individual level

12-18 members

what is the ideal size of a coalition?

community organizing

process by which people come together to identify common problems or goals, mobilize resources, and develop and implement strategies for reaching the objectives they want to accomplish

does not occur at individual level

stakeholder

someone who has an interest in an issue

advocacy

the act of promoting and protecting the health of individuals and communities by collaborating with relevant stakeholders, facilitating access to health and social services, and actively engaging key decision-makers to support and enact policies to improve community health outcomes

social marketing

a process that uses marketing principles and techniques to change target audience behaviors to benefit society as well as the individual

most often used at community level

4 P’s

product, price, place, promotion

what are the 4 P’s of social marketing?

product

the benefit associated with the behavior change

price

the cost or sacrifice exchanged for the promised benefit

place

visualization of the new place that the change in behavior will bring

promotion

persuasive messages communicating product benefits, services, pricing, and place

environment, psychosocial, health-related behaviors, and physiological

what are the 4 domains of the Omaha System?

(problem classification scheme)

global health

the collaborative transnational research and action for promoting health for all

infection

the entry, development, and multiplication of the infectious agent in the susceptible host

disease

a physiological dysfunction or pathological reaction