Year 12 PE

VO2 max is the measurement of…..

Aerobic fitness

role of myoglobin in the muscles

It stores and transports oxygen within muscle cells to the mitochondria

stroke volume

The volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per beat

3 stages of learning

Cognitive

Associative

Autonomous

difference between intrinsic and extrinsic feedback

Intrinsic = comes from within the performer

Extrinsic = comes from an outside source

characteristics of ‘popular recreation’ in pre industrial Britain

Violent

Cruel

Local

No written rules

Played by the lower class

social stratification

A type of social inequality where society is divided into different classes based on wealth, status or power

How did the industrial revolution initially affect sport

Decreased participation due to long working hours, lack of space in urban areas and poor health

cardiac output and write down the formula

The volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per minute

Cardiac output (Q) = stroke volume x heart rate

3 planes of movement and provide a sporting example for each

Sagittal plane = forward roll

Frontal plane = star jump

Transverse plane = discuss throw

minute ventilation and write the formula

The volume of air breathed in or out per minute

minute ventilation = tidal volume x breathing frequency

What is positive transfer in skill learning

When the learning of one skill helps or enhances the learning/performance of another skill

example = a basketball chest pass helping a netball chest pass

tidal volume

The volume of air inspired or expired per breath

What is mechanical advantage in a lever system

When the effort arm is longer than the resistance arm (typically of 2nd class levers), allowing a heavy load to be moved with relatively little effort

Explain Hicks law

As the number of stimuli increases, the time taken to react increases

drive theory of arousal

Performance increases as arousal increases, however high arousal causes the performer to revert to their dominant response

social exclusion

When individuals or groups are blocked from various rights, opportunities and resources that are normally available to members of a different group

Example = lack of disabled access to local gyms

Process of gaseous exchange at the alveoli

Occurs via diffusion

Oxygen moves from high partial pressure in the capillaries, while carbon dioxide moves from high pressure in the capillaries to low pressure in the alveoli

physical literacy

The motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge, and understanding to value and take responsibility for engagement in physical activities for life

How does media influence the golden triangle

It provides high visibility platforms for sports, which attracts sponsors, sponsors then provide the funding that allows the sport to grow and pay for better media production

3 axes of rotation and give a sporting example for each

Transverse = somersault

Sagittal = cartwheel

Vertical = 360 degree ice skating spin

amateurism

Playing sport for the love of it, with no financial gain.

Historically associated with the upper classes and fair play

professionalism

Playing sport for financial gain or as a primary career

Associated with high level training, winning at all costs and sponsorship

psycho motor abilitiy

The relationship between cognitive functions and physical movement

Trait theory

Personality is innate, inherited from parents, and remains stable across different situations

Limitations of the trait theory

Does not explain the influences that the environment can have on a person suggesting that personality and behaviour is always predictable

Social learning theory

Behaviour is determined by previous observations and the learning of how to behave in different social situations

Limitations of social learning theory

Does not account for people being born with specific traits that can then be adapted through social learning

Interactionist theory

A persons behaviour is governed by the relation between their personality and the situations environment

Characteristics of a type A personality

Competitive

High need to achieve

Can become angry quickly

Characteristics of a type B personality

Non competitive

Low need to achieve

Calm

Benefits of personality profiling

Cheap

Easy to complete

Can be self assessed

Helps to guide training and goals

Limitations of personality profiling

People can lie to influence results

Can’t predict behaviour in every situation

Personality isn’t the only factor that influences sporting performance

Cognitive anxiety

Mental reactions a person has to anxiety

Somatic anxiety

Physical responses a person has to anxiety

Limitations of the drive theory

Does not account for the concept of over arousal

Inverted U theory

As arousal increases so does performance, up until an optimum level of arousal. If arousal rises beyond this point performance will decrease

Catastrophe theory

As cognitive anxiety increases so does performance as long as somatic anxiety remains low. If both cognitive and somatic anxiety are high there will be a catastrophic effect on performance, with performance rapidly declining

Zones of optimal functioning

People will respond to increases in arousal in different ways. People have unique optimal levels of arousal for peak performance

Peak flow state

A positive psychological state that athletes aim to be in during a competition

Characteristics of peak flow state

High self awareness

Maximum focus on the activity

Performing feels effortless

Cognitive anxiety symptoms

Loss of concentration

Negative thoughts

Feelings of weakness

Somatic anxiety symptoms

Raised heart rate

Increased sweating

Muscular tension

State anxiety

Temporary response to a temporary situation

Trait anxiety

Stable personality trait