Natural Hazards

Geography - Paper 1

Define the term Natural Hazard

A natural event that threatens people and causes damage or death

Define the term Tectonic Hazard

Events caused by movement of tectonic plates

Define the term Atmospheric Hazard

Events caused by weather/climate

Define the term Geological Hazard

Hazards caused by land/tectonic processes

What is meant by the term Primary Effects?

Immediate impacts of a hazard

What is meant by the term Secondary Effects?

After-effects caused by primary impacts

What is meant by the term Immediate Responses?

Actions taken straight after to save lives

What is meant by the term Long-Term Responses?

Actions to help recovery and rebuilding

Define Prediction

Forecasting when/where hazards may strike

Define Protection

Actions to reduce impacts

Define Planning

Preparing through education, evacuation, drills, etc…

Define Monitoring

Using scientific equipment to detect, record, and check for warning signs of a natural hazards

What is a Tropical Stom?

Low-pressure system with strong and rain over warm oceans

What is a Storm Surge?

Rise in sea level caused by tropical storm winds

What is meant by Climate Change?

Long-term changes in climate, often caused by humans

What are the properties of the Oceanic Crust?

-Thinner

-Younger

-More dense

What are the properties of the Continental Crust?

-Thicker

-Older

-Less dense

Define what is meant by a Hazard Risk

The chance or probability of being affected by a natural hazard

What is a focus?

The point within Earth where rock under stress breaks

What is an Epicentre?

The point directly above an earthquake, usually where most damage occurs

What are Seismic Waves?

Waves of energy ripples through the Earth’s crust

What is a constructive Plate Boundary?

Where tectonic plated move away from each other, resulting in both earthquakes and volcanoes

What is a Destructive Plate Boundary?

Where tectonic plated move towards each other, resulting in both earthquakes and volcanoes

What is a Conservative Plate Boundary?

Where the plates either move the same direction but at different speeds or sliding past each other in opposite directions, resulting in earthquakes only