23-24 6th Grade Pre-comp study guide Answer Key-1 (3) Study NOTE CARDS

Homo Sapiens

Modern Humans - Refers to the species of humans that exist today.

Paleolithic

The "Old Stone Age," the first and longest time period in human history, characterized by egalitarian hunter-gatherer societies.

Migration

The act of someone or something leaving one region for another, typically for food or weather reasons.

Egalitarian

The belief in or practice of equal rights and opportunities for all individuals.

Nomadic

Constantly moving from one place to another, without a permanent settlement.

Hunter-forager

Also known as hunter-gatherer, refers to someone who hunts and gathers food for survival.

Neolithic

The "New Stone Age," a period after the Paleolithic era where humans began to domesticate plants and animals.

Domestication

The process of taming a plant or animal, usually by humans, for their own use.

Surplus

An abundance of a resource, whether it's food or something else.

Agriculture

The practice of farming and cultivating crops for food production.

Agrarian

Relating to or characteristic of farming or agriculture.

Sedentary

Staying in one place or not moving around frequently.

Pastoralism

A way of life for groups of nomadic peoples who depend on domesticated livestock and migrate in search of pastures for their animals.

Specialization of labor

The division of labor where individuals have different jobs or roles within a society.

Metallurgy

The process of creating metal tools and objects through the extraction and manipulation of metals.

Patriarchy

A social system or society in which men hold the primary power and dominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege, and control of property.

Civilization

A complex society that exists within a city and is characterized by various cultural, social, and technological advancements.

Cause

Something that leads to or brings about a particular result or effect.

Effect

The result or consequence of a particular cause or action.

Class

A social ranking or position in society based on factors such as wealth, occupation, or social status.

Class divisions

The divisions or distinctions between different social classes within a society.

Elite

High-ranking individuals who typically possess a significant amount of wealth, power, or influence.

Nobility

High-ranking members of society, often associated with owning land and having hereditary titles.

Aristocracy

A form of government in which power is held by the nobility or landowners.

City-State

A self-governing city that also functions as an independent nation.

Theocracy

A form of government in which religious leaders hold the power and rule in the name of a deity or religious doctrine.

Dynasty

A sequence of rulers from the same family or lineage who rule over a particular region or country.

Mandate of Heaven

A concept in ancient China that justified the rule of emperors by claiming they had the divine approval or mandate to rule.

Social inequality

The unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and privileges among individuals or groups within a society.

Social stratification

The division of society into different social strata or classes based on factors such as wealth, occupation, or social status.

Social status

The position or rank of an individual within a social hierarchy, often determined by factors such as wealth, occupation, or social standing.

Hierarchy

A system or organization in which people or groups are ranked or organized according to their status, authority, or importance.

Monotheism

The belief in or worship of a single deity or god.

Polytheism

The belief in or worship of multiple deities or gods.

Divine

Relating to or coming from a god or deity.

Codification

The process of arranging or organizing laws, rules, or principles into a systematic and comprehensive code or set of laws.

Karma

In Hinduism, the sum of a person's actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as deciding their fate in future existences.

Dharma

In Hinduism, the moral and ethical duties and responsibilities that individuals must follow based on their caste and stage of life.

Deity

A god or goddess.

Ethnic

Relating to a particular cultural, racial, or national group.

Caste

A hereditary social class or group into which individuals are born and which determines their social status and occupation.

Enlightenment

The state of attaining spiritual or intellectual enlightenment and understanding.

Philosophy

The study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, and more.

Religion

A set of beliefs, practices, and values concerning the existence, nature, and worship of

Cultural Continuity

The preservation and transmission of cultural practices and beliefs over time.

Dynastic Cycle

The rise and fall of ruling dynasties in China, believed to be governed by the Mandate of Heaven.

Mandate of Heaven

The belief that the ruler of China is chosen by the gods and has the divine right to rule.

Aristocracy

A social class composed of the highest-ranking members of society, often based on hereditary privilege.

Mauryan Empire

An ancient Indian empire that existed from around 300 BCE to 185 BCE.

Ashoka's conversion

The conversion of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka to Buddhism, which had a profound impact on his policies and governance.

Gupta Empire

An ancient Indian empire that existed from around 320 CE to 550 CE.

Type of government

The form of political organization and governance in a particular civilization or empire.

Art and architecture examples

Prominent examples of artistic and architectural achievements in a specific civilization or empire.

Major innovations/achievements in math, medicine, and science

Significant advancements in the fields of mathematics, medicine, and science made by a particular civilization or empire.

Qin Dynasty

The first imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 221 BCE to 206 BCE.

Emperor Qin/Shi Huangdi's policies and philosophy

The policies and philosophy implemented by Emperor Qin/Shi Huangdi, including legalist principles and centralization of power.

Han Dynasty

The second imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 206 BCE to 220 CE.

Civil Service Exam System

A system of selecting government officials based on merit through rigorous examinations.

Persian Empire

An ancient empire located in the Middle East, known for its bureaucratic structure and cultural assimilation.

Use of bureaucracy

The employment of a hierarchical administrative system to govern and manage an empire or civilization.

Effects of the Royal Road

The impact of the Royal Road, an ancient Persian road system, on trade, communication, and cultural exchange.

Cyrus the Great

The founder of the Persian Empire, known for his policies of religious tolerance and liberation of slaves.

Causes for the lack of slavery/forced labor

Factors that contributed to the absence or limited use of slavery or forced labor in a particular civilization or empire.

Effects of cultural assimilation

The consequences of integrating different cultures and societies into a dominant civilization or empire.

Greece

An ancient civilization located in Southeast Europe, known for its contributions to democracy, philosophy, and art.

Sparta vs Athens

A comparison of the two major city-states in ancient Greece, known for their contrasting political systems and values.

Reasons for the lack of centralized government between city-states

Factors that prevented the establishment of a centralized government encompassing all Greek city-states.

Causes for slavery/forced labor

Factors that led to the prevalence of slavery or forced labor in ancient Greece.

Democracy

A system of government in which power is vested in the people, who exercise it directly or through elected representatives.

Alexander the Great's conquests

The military campaigns and conquests of Alexander the Great, which resulted in the spread of Greek culture and the establishment of Hellenistic kingdoms.

Hellenistic era/culture causes and effects

The period following Alexander the Great's conquests, characterized by the spread of Greek culture and the blending of Greek, Persian, and Egyptian influences.

Rome

An ancient civilization located in Europe, known for its republican government, military prowess, and cultural achievements.

Government structure (Republic vs Empire)

A comparison of the political systems of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire.

Negative effects of the use of slavery

The detrimental consequences of relying on slavery as an economic and social institution.

Rome vs Byzantine Empire

A comparison of the Roman Empire and its eastern counterpart, the Byzantine Empire, in terms of government, culture, and decline.

Cross Comparison of Civilizations

A comparative analysis of different civilizations, highlighting similarities and differences in various aspects.

Difference between Paleolithic and Neolithic Era

The distinctions between the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods in human history, including changes in technology, lifestyle, and social organization.

Law codes

Legal systems and codes of conduct established by ancient civilizations.

Government systems

Different forms of political organization and governance in ancient civilizations.

Centralized vs Decentralized governments

Contrasting systems of government with power concentrated at the center or dispersed among various regions or localities.

Family structures

The organization and dynamics of families in ancient civilizations.

Views of women

Attitudes, roles, and rights of women in ancient civilizations.

Use of slaves/forced labor

The employment of enslaved individuals or forced labor in ancient civilizations.

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