Cell Diversity and Evolution

Flashcards covering key vocabulary from the topics of cell diversity and evolution, focusing on cellular structures, evolutionary processes, and significant scientific concepts.

Eukaryogenesis

The evolutionary process by which eukaryotic cells first emerged.

Phagocytosis

A form of endocytosis where a cell engulfs large particles or even other cells.

Endogenous evolution

Evolution of cellular traits from pre-existing traits in the same lineage.

Autogenous evolution

Evolution by using traits that have evolved in a different lineage.

Endomembrane system

A system of membranes within a cell that divides it into compartments, allowing for different functions.

Nucleus

The membrane-bound organelle that contains a cell's genetic material.

Eukaryotic flagellum

A complex structure composed of microtubules, used for movement in eukaryotic cells.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

An organelle involved in protein and lipid synthesis, consisting of a network of membranes.

Vesicle trafficking

The processes that involve the transport of vesicles between different parts of a cell.

Lysosomes

Organelles that contain digestive enzymes to break down waste material and cellular debris.

Peroxisomes

Organelles that break down fatty acids and amino acids, and detoxify harmful substances.

Gene duplication

A process by which a cell makes an extra copy of a gene, leading to diversification.

Cytoskeleton

A network of fibers that provides structural support and shape to the cell, and facilitates movement.

Membrane identity

The specific characteristics and functions associated with different types of membranes in cells.

GTPases

A family of enzymes that hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and are involved in signal transduction.