9th Grade Biology EOC Practice Test

Which molecule is paired with its correct role in protein synthesis?

-nucleus-forms peptide bonds

-ribosome-carries DNA instructions

-mRNA-joins amino acids

-tRNA-transfers amino acids

tRNA-transfers amino acids

Which cellular process converts solar energy into chemical energy?

photosynthesis

Which best explains why a bacterial cell is classified as a prokaryote?

-the presence of a nucleus

-the absence of a nucleus

-the presence of a cell wall

-the absence of a cell wall

the absence of a nucleus

In certain species of roses, white roses and red roses are incompletely dominant to each other. When a red rose and a white rose are crossed, a pink rose is produced. What is the probability of producing a white rose when a red rose is crossed with a pink rose?

0%

Humans sometimes kill giant tritons in order to collect their attractive spiral shells. If humans kill most of the giant tritons in a coral reef, the coral population will most likely _________

decrease due to an increase in the crown-of-thorns sea star population

In the late 1800s Christiaan Eijkman studied a disease called beriberi which is caused by a vitamin deficiency. A disease similar to beriberi occurred in chickens that were fed polished rice, which is a rice that has had the bran layer removed. Chickens that ate unpolished rice did not get the disease.

Elijkman convinced officials of a prison experiencing an outbreak of the disease to start feeding the prisoners unpolished rice. The rate of beriberi decreased dramatically. Which procedure would best convince other scientists who questioned the results?

provide the same number of prisoners with polished rice as with unpolished rice

What is the primary function of DNA in organisms?

stores genetic material

The roots of some plant species have a special coating to help resist rotting in extremely wet weather. In which environment is it most beneficial for plants to have rot-resistant roots?

a tropical environment

Which piece of equipment is best for measuring the change in the mass of potato slices after placing them in different concentrations of salt water?

triple beam balance

How do enzymes function in the body?

they lower the activation energy of reactions

Which molecules store and transmit genetic material?

nucleic acids

A student notices that the lettuce in a salad wilts soon after salt is added. Wilting most likely occurs because the lettuce cells ______________

release water in the presence of salt

In active transport, carrier proteins_____________

move substances from a low concentration to high concentration through the use of energy

An isolated population of termites lives in a forest surrounded by mountains. These termites feed on dead wood, grasses, and seeds. This food is broken down by a species of microorganism that lives inside the intestines of the termites. Without the microorganisms, these termites cannot obtain the nutrients they need to survive. One winter, a virus causes most of these microorganisms to die. As a result of the microorganism's absence, these termites will most likely ______________

decrease to a level near extinction

A researcher is studying the damage that predators cause to the wings of butterflies. Which tools are best to use to determine the percentage of butterflies with damaged wings?

-triple beam balance and microscope

-hand lens and triple beam balance

-catch net and hands lens

-microscope and graduated cylinder

catch net and hand lens

If 2 people who are both heterozygous for the trait of a bent pinky finger have a child, what is the percent probability that the child will have straight pinky fingers?

25%

Which best describes the role of enzymes in a chemical reaction?

increases the reaction rate

Which best describes how meiosis contributes to genetic variation?

it produces a new individual different from either parent

Which human activity will have the most positive effect on the global environment?

-decreasing the amount of trash in landfills through the recycling of glass bottles

-planting trees in neighborhoods where recent construction has taken place

-reducing air pollution across countries by enforcing stricter emissions laws

-establishing a wildlife reserve for the protection of a local endangered species

-

reducing air pollution across countries by enforcing stricter emissions laws

In the following food pyramid, which trophic level has the greatest total amount of energy to transfer to the next level?

Grain--->Mouse--->Snake---> Hawk

Grain

Some microorganisms, such as yeast produce energy in oxygen-free environments through the process of ________

anaerobic respiration

Which is an organelle that performs cellular respiration and is paired with its correct function?

-chloroplast-converts light energy into chemical energy

-chloroplast-converts chemical energy into light energy

-mitochondrion- converts energy found in glucose into energy for use by the cell

-mitochondrion-converts cellular energy into glucose chemical energy

mitochondrion-converts energy found in glucose into energy for use by the cell

Which biomolecule contains nitrogenous bases?

nucleic acid

Generic drugs are copies that are the same as brand-name drugs in dosage, safety, strength, quality, and performance. Many people prefer generic drugs because they cost much less than their brand-name counterparts. Why are pharmaceutical companies are able to sell generic drugs at a much lower cost than the brand-name drugs?

generic drugs do not have the initial costs of production and advertising

What is the primary function of DNA replication?

to ensure daughter cells have a complete copy of DNA

Describe the interaction between DNA and RNA during protein synthesis?

RNA carries the code from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome for protein synthesis

An ion must cross the cell membrane through active transport instead of passive transport when the ion is__________

going against the concentration gradient

What would most likely result if nitrogen-fixing bacteria in an area were destroyed?

vegetation in the area would grow at a slower rate

In certain species of guinea pigs, black fur is dominant to white fur. If a white male guinea pig is crossed with a black homozygous dominant female, what is the probability of having offspring with black fur?

100%

Whatfactor is most likely to initiate the process of succession in which a deep freshwater lake becomes a woodland area?

an accumulation of sediment

Meiotic cell division results in gametes that produce sperm and egg cells by

reducing the daughter chromosome number by 50%

An ecosystem has a stable population of white-tailed deer. What is the most likely outcome if a new species of deer that competed for the same resources were introduced?

the producer population would decrease

Which process most contributes to genetic variation in population?

-crossing over during meiosis

-chromosome replication during mitosis

-cytokinesis during cellular division

-duplication of chromosomes in asexual reproduction

crossing over during meiosis

Scientists have developed a way to analyze and compare DNA sequences between humans. Using this genetic information would be most beneficial for _____________

identifying individuals

C6H12O6 + 6O2---> 6CO2 + gH2O + 36ATP

aerobic respiration

A flock of one species of bird arrives on a group of sparsely populated islands. With little or no competition, different species of birds evolve from the original species. Each species is adapted to a different available niche. This is an example of ___________

divergent evolution

A forest area is being harvested for specific types of plants, causing a reduction of resources for organisms. The organism most likely to become extinct as a result of this activity is _____

one with a specialized diet

A researcher presented the results from an experiment on the effectiveness of a new type of eyedrops. The eyedrops were designed to prevent contact lenses from drying out and irritating the eyes. the researcher tested the eyedrops over a two-year period using subjects who wore various types of contact lenses. The results o fthe research showed that the eyedrops did prevent contact lenses from drying out. Before manufacturing the new drops, the researcher must verify that his results are free of bias by____________

-extending his research for three more years

-investigating similar products and their results

-testing a larger population of subjects using different brands

-having an independent research company perform the same investigation

having an independent research company perform the same investigation

Antibodies are composed primarily of amino acids. In which class of biomolecules would antibodies belong?

proteins

In the following energy pyramid, which organism receives the least amount of energy from the producer?

phytoplankton--->krill--->herring--->seals--->whales

whales

An inventor has an idea for a pest control product for farms. The inventor proceeds to build and market the product. Which step in the engineering design process has the inventory neglected to do?

verify the results

Which tool is best for a student to use to observe mitosis in an onion root tip/

microscope

An aquatic food chain is show below.

Algae--->Zooplankton--->Minnow---->Perch---->Hawk

What would most likely result if a waterborne bacteria caused the death of most of the minnow population?

decrease in both perch and hawk population

Describe the interdependence of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

the reactants of photosynthesis are the products of cellular respiration

During the process of protein synthesis, a section of the DNA molecule is copied into which other molecule?

messenger RNA (mRNA)

A single sensory neuron cell extends from a person's large toe to an area adjacent to the spinal canal of the central nervous system. Which process is responsible for the length of this cell?

cell growth

The enzyme catalase is involved in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. During this reaction, the catalase ______________

is unchanged

Zebra mussels were first discovered in the Great Lakes 30 years ago and have since spread to lakes throughout the region. Zebra mussels reproduce quickly and have few natural predators.

What will most likely happen to other native mussel species in the Great Lakes region?

native species populations will decrease in areas with large zebra mussel populations