Unit #1 Test Review

What are germs?

Really small microorganisms that cause disease, including bacteria, viruses, protists, and fungi.

What is a particle?

A small portion of matter.

Define pathogen.

Germs that cause disease.

What is the smallest unit of life?

Cell.

What is airborne transmission?

Transmission type involving particles in the air, such as from sneezing or breathing.

Explain direct contact transmission.

Transmission through sharing bodily fluids, such as kissing or blood-to-blood contact.

What is indirect contact transmission?

Transmission via objects, like doorknobs or toys.

Define vector transmission.

Transmission via an animal, like mosquitoes or ticks.

What is a susceptible host?

A person at risk of infection, often due to poor immune health or age.

What does infectious agent refer to?

The germ or bug that causes harm.

What is a reservoir in terms of infection?

The place where a germ lives and grows.

What is the mode of transmission?

How the pathogen enters the body, which includes several types such as droplets, airborne, direct contact, etc.

What is meant by portal of exit?

The way out of the body, such as through sneezing, coughing, or diarrhea.

What is a portal of entry?

The way a pathogen enters another host, such as through the eyes or mouth.

What does PPE stand for?

Personal Protective Equipment, which includes gowns, goggles, masks, and gloves.

What does the SAMPLE acronym stand for?

S: signs and symptoms, A: allergies, M: medications, P: past medical history, L: last thing you ate or drank, E: events leading up to the incident.

What does OPQRST stand for?

O: Onset, P: Provokes, Q: Quality, R: Radiates, S: Severity, T: Time.

What is the first step in washing your hands?

Turn on the tap and wet your hands.

What is the minimum alcohol content necessary for hand sanitizer to be effective?

At least 70% alcohol content.

Why should you remove gloves carefully?

To avoid contamination and ensure proper sanitation before further actions.

What are the 7 motions of hand hygiene?

1. Before touching a patient, 2. before aseptic procedure, 3. after risk bodily fluid exposure, 4. after touching a patient, 5. after touching a patient’s surroundings, 6. before leaving a patient’s room, 7. after glove removal.

What are some actions to take for the portal of exit in infection control?

Properly dispose of items in contact with bodily fluids, use PPE, cover mouth when coughing or sneezing.

How can you help control the reservoir of infection?

Isolate infected people, maintain hygiene, and control vectors.

What is one method of medical waste treatment?

Incineration.