Unit #1 Test Review

Terms and Definitions:

Germ - Really small micro organisms that cause disease (bacteria = strep, virus = Influenza, protists = malaria, fungi = ringworm )

Particle - small portion of matter

Pathogen - Germs that cause disease

Cell - smallest unit of life, infectious agent infects cell

Airborne - type of transmission: particles in the air ex. sneezing, breathing

Direct contact - type of transmission: sharing bodily-fluids ex. Kissing, blood to blood

Indirect contact - type of transmission: via object ex. door knobs, toys

Vector - type of transmission: via an animal ex. Mosquito, ticks

Susceptible host - Person at risk of infection ( poor immune healh, age)

Infectious agent - The germ or bug that will cause harm

Reservoir - Where germ lives and grows

Mode of Transmission - How the pathogen enters the body (types of transmission: droplets (surfaces & floors), airborne, direct contact, indirect contact, waterborne (contaminated), foodborne (undercooked), vector-borne)

Portal on exit - Way out of the body (sneezing, coughing, diarrhea)

Portal of entry - Way to enter another host (eyes, mouth, open wounds, hands)

PPE - Personal protective equipment (gown, goggles, mask, gloves)

SAMPLE - S: signs and symptoms A: allergies M: medications P: past medical history L: last thing you ate or drank E: events leading up to the incident

OPQRST - O: Onset (how did it start) P: Provokes (what makes it better or worse) Q: Quality (discomfort, pain, numbness) R: Radiates (where is it, does it move anywhere else) S: Severity (1-10) T: Time (how long has this been going on)

Steps for washing your hands:

1. turn on tap and wet hands

2. apply soap to hands

3. rub and lather soap on palms

4. rub in between fingers

5. rub back of hand with palm

6. rub fingertips in the palm of the other hand

7. rub thumb

8. rinse hands

9. pat to dry

10. turn off tap with paper towel

Sanitizing vs Washing:

Sanitize clean hands, no contact with bodily fluids, must have atleast 70% alcohol content

Wash if hands are visibly soiled, before or after eating, after using the washroom, after contact with bodily fluids

Removing PPE:

remove gloves (proper glove doffing)

sanitize

unfasten ties for gown

pull away from neck and shoulders without touching the outside of the gown

roll up and discard

sanitize

remove goggles

sanitize

grab from loops and remove facemask

sanitize

Removing Gloves:

pinch at palm and remove

hold soiled glove in the gloved hand

use two fingers and place them under the glove

remove and discard

sanitize

7 Motions of Hand Hygiene:

1. Before touching a patient

2. before aseptic procedure

3. After risk bodily fluid exposure

4. After touching a patient

5. After touching a patients surroundings

6. before leaving a patients room

7. After glove removal

Chain of Infection:

infectious agent - vaccinations, identify and eliminate pathogen

reservoir - isolate infected people from the healthy, maintain hygeine and cleanliness, vector control,

portal of exit - properly dispose of things in contact with bodily fluids and bodily fluids, use PPE, cover youur mouth (elbow) when coughing or sneezing

mode of transmission - hand hygiene, disinfecting surfaces, barriers/PPE, social distancing

portal of entry - vaccination, wound care, barriers (condom)

susceptible host - vaccination, healthy behaviours, antibiotics, education about diseases

Sorting Medical Waste:

Medical Waste Treatments:

Radiation -

Incineration -

Autoclave -

Chemical -