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what is a breed of horses?
group of horses w a common ancestry
occurs through generations of selective breeding
represent various types & classes
how do recognized breeds work?
association w a stud book & breeding records
have certain foundation sires
all registered foals must trace their ancestry back to these stallions
what are the foundation stallions for the Thoroughbred?
thoroughbred
Darley Arabian
Byerly Turk
Godolphin Arabian
what are the foundation stallions of the Morgan?
Justin Morgan
how do color breeds work?
particular colors → appealing → established registries w color requirements
some registries require only color for resgistration
others have conformation standards
what is an example of a registered color breed?
Palomino Horse Association of California
1st color breed registration
what are some color breed registries? (1/2)
Appaloosa
Albino
Paint
Pinto
what are some color breed registries? (2/2)
Buckskin
White
Cream
Spotted
how does breeding horses for a certain color work?
do not breed true
two horses of the same color doesn’t guarantee desired color
how are horses classified?
depends on height & weight
what is the most common measurement of horse height?
the hand (equal to 4 inches)
how is the height of a horse measured?
top of withers to the ground
how are horses grouped?
according to size, weight, & build
can be further divided by use
what are the names of groups/classifications of horses?
groups
light, draft, pony
classification
warmblood, coldblood, pony
what are the measurements of a light horse?
12 - 17.2 hands high
900 - 1400 lbs
what are light horses used for?
primarily for riding, driving, showing, racing, or utility on a farm/ranch
capable of more action & greater speed
what are the measurements for draft horses?
14.2 - 17.2 hands high
1400 lbs or more
what are draft horses used for?
primarily used for heavy work or pulling loads
what are the measurements for ponies?
14.2 hands high or less
500 - 900 lbs
how are horses unique?
possess distinct conformation on reduced scale
either draft, heavy harness, or saddle type
what does warmblood or coldblood mean?
not referring to blood temperature
refers to overall temperament
“hot-tempered”
what are warmblood horses?
light horses sometimes grouped as this
fine boned & good for riding
what are coldblood horses?
heavy, solid, strong horses w calm temperament
draft horses
what does the term “cob & hack“ mean?
used to describe types of horses
what kind of horse gets referred to as a “cob“?
sturdy, placid horse
14.2 - 15.2 hands high
not heavy or coarse enough to be draft animal
what kind of horse gets referred to as a “hack“?
enjoyable, good riding or driving horse
sometimes considered small Thoroughbred in EU or saddlebred in America
what are miniature horses?
scaled-down vers of full-size horse
NOT ponies
what are the requirements for registration for miniature horses?
max height of 34 inches at withers
measured in inches, not hands
what are the 2 major miniature horse registries that maintain pedigrees in US?
AMHR (American Miniature Horse Registry)
subgroup of American Shetland Pony Club
AMHA American Miniature Horse Association
what are the requirements for albino horses?
Origin - US
light horse
white only
no height requirements
what is the background for Albino horse?
foals born white
inherit White Fatal Gene from parents
pure albino foal rarely survive
what are the requirements for American Quarter Horse?
Origin - US
light horse
15.2 - 16.1 hands
any solid color
what is the background of American Quarter Horse?
oldest of American breeds
most versatile
largest registry
what are the requirements for Arabian horses?
Origin - Arabia
light horse
14.3 - 16 hands
Bay, brown, chestnut, gray, black
what is the background for arabian horse?
adapted for desert conditions
one less vertebra
foundation of all light breeds
what are the requirements for American Paint Horse?
Origin - US
light horse
variable height
black & white bold patches all over body
what is the background of American Paint Horse?
Quarter horse foundation
what are the requirements for Pony of the Americas (POA)?
Origin - US
Pony
11.2 - 13 hands
Appaloosa color pattern
what is the background of Pony of the Americas (POA)?
very good for young riders
what are the requirements for Thoroughbred?
origin - England
light horse
14.2 - 17 hands
any solid color, white markings allowed
what is the background for Thoroughbred?
bred mainly for racing
what is the cause of rare (threatened) breeds?
American agriculture changing
traditional livestock lost popularity → threatened w extinction
rare breeds classified by American Livestock Breed Conservancy
when is a breed’s status considered critical?
fewer than 200 animals registered annually in US
what are some examples of critical horse breeds? (1/2)
American Cream
Caspian
Cleveland Bay
what are some examples of critical horse breeds? (2/2)
Exmoor
Florida Cracker
Suffolk
when is a breed’s status considered threatened?
fewer than 1000 registrations occur annually in US
what are some examples for threatened horse breeds? (1/2)
Akhal-Teke
Canadian
Dales Pony
what are some examples for threatened horse breeds? (2/2)
Dartmoor
Hackney Horse
Lipizzaner
Colonial Spanish
when is a horse considered feral?
once domesticated & have become wild
what are some places where feral horses can be found?
CA, Colorado, Idaho
Montana, Nevada, New Mexico
Utah, Wyoming
what organizations register Donkey breeds?
American Donkey & Mule Society
what donkey breeds are recognized by the American Donkey & Mule Society? (1/2)
Mammoth Jack
Large Standard Donkey
what donkey breeds are recognized by the American Donkey & Mule Society? (1/2)
Standard Donkey (burro)
Miniature Mediterranean Donkey
American Spotted Ass
what is the mammoth?
blend of several breeds of jack stock
largest of asses
jacks being 56+ inches high
what is the Donkey?
is 48-56 inches high
standard donkey (burro): 36-48in high
miniature Mediterranean donkey: under 36in high
what is the American Spotted Ass?
registered as either white w colored spots
or colored w white spots
what is a mule or hinny?
cross between donkey & horse
name depends on parentage
what is a mule?
offspring of male donkey (jack) & female horse (mare)
what is a hinny?
offspring of male horse (stallion) & female donkey (jenny)
how does a mule look like?
like a horse in size & body shape
shorter, thicker head, long ears, & braying voice of donkey
how does a hinny look like?
similar to mule
smaller & more horselike w shorter ears & longer head
why are mules incapable of reproducing?
horses & donkeys have different amount of chromosomes