wk 2 - breeds, types, & classes of horses

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62 Terms

1

what is a breed of horses?

  • group of horses w a common ancestry

  • occurs through generations of selective breeding

  • represent various types & classes

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2

how do recognized breeds work?

  • association w a stud book & breeding records

  • have certain foundation sires

    • all registered foals must trace their ancestry back to these stallions

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3

what are the foundation stallions for the Thoroughbred?

  • thoroughbred

    • Darley Arabian

    • Byerly Turk

    • Godolphin Arabian

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4

what are the foundation stallions of the Morgan?

Justin Morgan

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5

how do color breeds work?

  • particular colors → appealing → established registries w color requirements

  • some registries require only color for resgistration

    • others have conformation standards

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6

what is an example of a registered color breed?

  • Palomino Horse Association of California

    • 1st color breed registration

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7

what are some color breed registries? (1/2)

  • Appaloosa

  • Albino

  • Paint

  • Pinto

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8

what are some color breed registries? (2/2)

  • Buckskin

  • White

  • Cream

  • Spotted

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9

how does breeding horses for a certain color work?

  • do not breed true

  • two horses of the same color doesn’t guarantee desired color

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10

how are horses classified?

depends on height & weight

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11

what is the most common measurement of horse height?

the hand (equal to 4 inches)

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12

how is the height of a horse measured?

top of withers to the ground

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13

how are horses grouped?

  • according to size, weight, & build

  • can be further divided by use

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14

what are the names of groups/classifications of horses?

  • groups

    • light, draft, pony

  • classification

    • warmblood, coldblood, pony

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15

what are the measurements of a light horse?

  • 12 - 17.2 hands high

  • 900 - 1400 lbs

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16

what are light horses used for?

  • primarily for riding, driving, showing, racing, or utility on a farm/ranch

  • capable of more action & greater speed

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17

what are the measurements for draft horses?

  • 14.2 - 17.2 hands high

  • 1400 lbs or more

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18

what are draft horses used for?

primarily used for heavy work or pulling loads

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19

what are the measurements for ponies?

  • 14.2 hands high or less

  • 500 - 900 lbs

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20

how are horses unique?

  • possess distinct conformation on reduced scale

  • either draft, heavy harness, or saddle type

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21

what does warmblood or coldblood mean?

  • not referring to blood temperature

  • refers to overall temperament

  • “hot-tempered”

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22

what are warmblood horses?

  • light horses sometimes grouped as this

  • fine boned & good for riding

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23

what are coldblood horses?

  • heavy, solid, strong horses w calm temperament

  • draft horses

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24

what does the term “cob & hack“ mean?

used to describe types of horses

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25

what kind of horse gets referred to as a “cob“?

  • sturdy, placid horse

  • 14.2 - 15.2 hands high

  • not heavy or coarse enough to be draft animal

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26

what kind of horse gets referred to as a “hack“?

  • enjoyable, good riding or driving horse

  • sometimes considered small Thoroughbred in EU or saddlebred in America

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27

what are miniature horses?

  • scaled-down vers of full-size horse

  • NOT ponies

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28

what are the requirements for registration for miniature horses?

  • max height of 34 inches at withers

  • measured in inches, not hands

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29

what are the 2 major miniature horse registries that maintain pedigrees in US?

  • AMHR (American Miniature Horse Registry)

    • subgroup of American Shetland Pony Club

  • AMHA American Miniature Horse Association

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30

what are the requirements for albino horses?

  • Origin - US

  • light horse

  • white only

  • no height requirements

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31

what is the background for Albino horse?

  • foals born white

  • inherit White Fatal Gene from parents

  • pure albino foal rarely survive

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32

what are the requirements for American Quarter Horse?

  • Origin - US

  • light horse

    • 15.2 - 16.1 hands

    • any solid color

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33

what is the background of American Quarter Horse?

  • oldest of American breeds

  • most versatile

  • largest registry

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34

what are the requirements for Arabian horses?

  • Origin - Arabia

  • light horse

  • 14.3 - 16 hands

  • Bay, brown, chestnut, gray, black

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35

what is the background for arabian horse?

  • adapted for desert conditions

  • one less vertebra

  • foundation of all light breeds

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36

what are the requirements for American Paint Horse?

  • Origin - US

  • light horse

  • variable height

  • black & white bold patches all over body

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37

what is the background of American Paint Horse?

Quarter horse foundation

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38

what are the requirements for Pony of the Americas (POA)?

  • Origin - US

  • Pony

  • 11.2 - 13 hands

  • Appaloosa color pattern

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39

what is the background of Pony of the Americas (POA)?

very good for young riders

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40

what are the requirements for Thoroughbred?

  • origin - England

  • light horse

  • 14.2 - 17 hands

  • any solid color, white markings allowed

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41

what is the background for Thoroughbred?

bred mainly for racing

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42

what is the cause of rare (threatened) breeds?

  • American agriculture changing

  • traditional livestock lost popularity → threatened w extinction

  • rare breeds classified by American Livestock Breed Conservancy

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43

when is a breed’s status considered critical?

fewer than 200 animals registered annually in US

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44

what are some examples of critical horse breeds? (1/2)

  • American Cream

  • Caspian

  • Cleveland Bay

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45

what are some examples of critical horse breeds? (2/2)

  • Exmoor

  • Florida Cracker

  • Suffolk

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46

when is a breed’s status considered threatened?

fewer than 1000 registrations occur annually in US

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47

what are some examples for threatened horse breeds? (1/2)

  • Akhal-Teke

  • Canadian

  • Dales Pony

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48

what are some examples for threatened horse breeds? (2/2)

  • Dartmoor

  • Hackney Horse

  • Lipizzaner

  • Colonial Spanish

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49

when is a horse considered feral?

once domesticated & have become wild

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50

what are some places where feral horses can be found?

  • CA, Colorado, Idaho

  • Montana, Nevada, New Mexico

  • Utah, Wyoming

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51

what organizations register Donkey breeds?

American Donkey & Mule Society

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52

what donkey breeds are recognized by the American Donkey & Mule Society? (1/2)

  • Mammoth Jack

  • Large Standard Donkey

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53

what donkey breeds are recognized by the American Donkey & Mule Society? (1/2)

  • Standard Donkey (burro)

  • Miniature Mediterranean Donkey

  • American Spotted Ass

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54

what is the mammoth?

  • blend of several breeds of jack stock

  • largest of asses

    • jacks being 56+ inches high

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55

what is the Donkey?

  • is 48-56 inches high

  • standard donkey (burro): 36-48in high

  • miniature Mediterranean donkey: under 36in high

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56

what is the American Spotted Ass?

  • registered as either white w colored spots

  • or colored w white spots

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57

what is a mule or hinny?

  • cross between donkey & horse

  • name depends on parentage

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58

what is a mule?

offspring of male donkey (jack) & female horse (mare)

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59

what is a hinny?

offspring of male horse (stallion) & female donkey (jenny)

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60

how does a mule look like?

  • like a horse in size & body shape

  • shorter, thicker head, long ears, & braying voice of donkey

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61

how does a hinny look like?

  • similar to mule

  • smaller & more horselike w shorter ears & longer head

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62

why are mules incapable of reproducing?

horses & donkeys have different amount of chromosomes

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