Ap hug unit 3 cultures

artifacts

Visible physical objects that can represent a value belief or individual culture

mentifacts

idea, ideas, beliefs, value, values, religious beliefs, language, taboo

sociofacts

Ways a society behaves and is organized (family education, government, religion land, use gender roles) parentheses

subculture

Cultural group within a larger city with beliefs, a bit different example hippies example classroom rules within school rules

folk culture

traditional, small homogeneous groups often living in isolation shows environmental determinism

indigenous culture

Subculture of folk culture people who originate at certain locations still live there, and practice that folk culture

popular culture

Large heterogeneous groups who share certain habits often in cities, shows globalization and impossible, ism, and space compression it also changes quickly

heterogeneous

Very diverse

homogeneous

Uniform/similar/same

cultural norms

Agreed, cultural practices that guide good behavior

cultural taboo

Topic/behavior strongly discouraged by a culture

ethnocentrism

Judging judging others cultures according to standards for your own culture, often stands you believe that one culture is better than others

cultural relativism

Unbiased way of viewing cultures to promote cultural understanding (view that no culture is superior.)

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cultural landscape

natural landscape modified by humans reflecting, cultural beliefs

built environment

Artifacts made by humans that form environment

cultural landscapes

create distinct, cultural regions

sequence occupancy

mix of historic and modern buildings-leaves old culture in place and builds around it with modern

ethnicity

culture (language)

Race

Physical

ethnic enclaves

Intertwined in towns

ethnic Island

Off to the side

religion-helps us identify culture

Worship, places, clothes, restaurants, types of cemeteries

gender rolls – helps us identify culture cultures

Changing rules of women in society impact on cultural landscape, segregated, or inclusive

physical features and land use – helps identify cultures

Natural landscape climate vegetation how the landscape is shaped by us, teerace farming bars, districts

architecture – helps us identify cultures

Religious architecture, various shape shapes, and symbols on places

agriculture and industries– helps us identify cultures

The society focus on agriculture or industry/reflect level in industry

what two types of features does a place consist of

Cultural regions and cultural realms

cultural region

Area that shares common cultural traits

cultural hearth

The starting point of a culture diffusion typically starts here and spreads out/where it all begins

cultural realms

Large area that includes more cultural regions, shares your traits, and includes similar but not the same cultural landscapes

centripetal forces

Forces which poor people and cultures together (common language, strong, nationalism, ethnicity, and religion sports team)

centrifugal force (FU!)

Forces which push people and cultures apart(discrimination, political divisions/unrest, human right issues, inequality economy)

relocation diffusion

Ideas spread when people physically move

contagious diffusion

Viral movement of ideas and cultural traits

hierarchical diffusion

Starts in places of high power and diffuse down to the general population(not everyone affected immediately, unlike contagious)

reverse hierarchy diffusion

diffusers from the general public to places of high power (example Bentonville, Arkansas Walmart starting there)

stimulus diffusion

Full ideas do not spread but main underlining concepts do

universalizing religion

Connected to pop culture, more contagious or hierarchical(is more global)

ethnic religion

Connected to folk culture, usually smaller, and spread by relocation diffusion (is more local)

found close to hearth

clustered spatialy

barriers to diffusion

Distance, cultural, physical, political, and economic

acculturation

culture tops or ads certain elements of a larger culture, but keeps most traits of its culture unchanged ( original culture not abandoned)

syncretism

two cultures are mixed with a new distinct, one being created with elements of both

globalization

making product for the global market with local adaptations

multiculturalism

Various ethnic/cultural groups going together and keep their cultures after a result of migration patterns, especially in USA Canada in Brazil Central pedal forces, promotes diversity and culture understanding, but has a risk of cultural resistance

creolization

mixing cultural traits primarily language

assimilation

people lose original culture when joining a new one( voluntary and forced)

lingua Franca

language mutually understood by members of the society

ways cultures meet- colonialism/imperialism

An outside force imposes on culture

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ways cultures meet- was

cultural interaction that can be by force

ways cultures meet- migration

relocation diffusion

ways cultures meet- trade

the trade of new products from a culture to another

contemporary, cultural diffusion

spread a cultural elements primarily through globalization, and the Internet often a result of globalization and urbanization

what happens when places become more economically developed?

They change their cultural preferences

large scale processes contribute to cultural diffusion

globalization and urbanization

historical and contemporary causes diffusion are…

intertwined

cultural divergence

cultures start becoming distinct and separated do two geography, social change or political isolation

cultural convergence

People are having one mass global culture

why is English a prominent lingua franca

Age of exploration and English is often used in business and social media

language family

A group of language has a distinct origin

language group

Culture group (Cousin languages)

dialect

Regional variances

isogloss

A boundary that separates language by region

religion

kiss members a sense of meaning and identity

universalizing religion

Reach as many people as possible

Ethnic religion

Stay close to home with a specific group and don't see converts

Denomination

A more localized subgroup of religion

diasporas

a group of people with a shared origin living dispersed in multiple places outside their homeland, maintaining cultural, social or political connections to their place of origin

what can disporas lead to?

Ethnic glaze and ethnic place, especially normal settings

expansion diffusion

Movement of cultural trait from earth or point of origin out outward two ways; hierarchical and contagious

How did Islam diffuse?

Religious conquest and trade

how did Buddhism diffuse

Missionaries and trade

hinduism

one of worlds oldest religions around India defeat throughout British empire through migration

Judaism

relocation diffusion and religious persecution return to eastern meditieren after world war two

Christianity

age of exploration/ immigration/ relocation diffusion

material culture

Made up things people make and often give value to such as cars, homes, or athletic wear worn by famous athletes

non-material culture

ideas of a society which are often considered dear to the group