Clinically Important Proteins and Their Functions

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding clinically important proteins, their functions, measurement, and implications in clinical diagnostics.

What proteins are primarily responsible for maintaining colloid oncotic pressure in the blood?

Albumin is the primary protein responsible for maintaining colloid oncotic pressure.

Which proteins are produced in the liver?

Albumin and most other plasma proteins are synthesized in the liver.

What is the significance of the Albumin Creatinine Ratio (ACR) in diabetes patients?

ACR is used for yearly screening to detect early kidney damage in patients with diabetes.

What is indicated by a low level of albumin in urine?

A low level of albumin in urine, referred to as microalbumin, indicates early glomerular damage.

What is procalcitonin and when is it used clinically?

Procalcitonin is a precursor of calcitonin and is produced in response to bacterial infection; it helps in differentiating between viral and bacterial infections.

How does inflammation affect protein concentration in plasma?

Inflammation can lead to increased transcapillary escape rate, affecting the concentration of proteins in plasma.

What is the primary function of transferrin in the blood?

Transferrin transports iron in plasma as ferric ions (Fe3+).

What does an increase in C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels indicate in the body?

An increase in CRP levels indicates tissue inflammation and is often associated with bacterial infections.

What clinical conditions could lead to decreased levels of plasma albumin?

Decreased plasma albumin levels can be due to liver disease, poor nutrition, or increased renal loss.

What are the two main types of enzymes measured in plasma, and what are their roles?

The two main types are enzymes of the coagulation and complement cascade (with defined functions) and serological enzymes (with diagnostic value).