AP CoGo Unit 3

Political Ideology

A set of values and beliefs about goals of government, public policy, or politics

Individualism

Belief in individual civil liberties and freedom over government restrictions

Neoliberalism

Belief in limited governmental intervention in economy and society; support for privatization, free trade, deregulation, and the eliminated of state subsidies

Communism

Belief in the abolition of private property with near-total governmental control of the economy

Socialism

Belief in the reduction of income disparities and the nationalization of major private industries

Racism

Extreme nationalist ideology that favors authoritarian rule and the rights of ethnic majority over that of ethnic minorities and the political opposition

Populism

Political philosophy that supports the interests and rights of the common people over that of the elites

Authoritarian Regimes Political Values and Beliefs

Rule by Law & law reinforces authority of the state

Democratic Regimes Political Values and Beliefs

Rule of Law & state is limited to same rules as citizens

Post Material Values

People have their general basic needs met and can worry about something else (forces governments to do more or face pressure from their public)

Political Participation

Citizen involvement and influence in the political process, this is present in all systems, voluntary or coerced, supportive of the system or against it, formal or informal

Political Participation in Democracies

Basis of the regime, essential to the legitimacy, efficacy

Political Participation in Authoritarians

More restricted and controlled, more supportive and less oppositional, less voluntary and more coerced

Political Participation in the UK—Referenda

Devolution Referenda of 1999 and Brexit Referendum of 2016 both passed

Political Participation in China

Local elections, protests, party membership, mass organizations, limited civil society

Why Authoritarian + Political Participation?

Legitimacy, Safety Valve, feedback, and response to international pressure

Management of Political Participation in Democratic and Authoritarian Regimes

Allows and restricts

Civil Liberties

Basic freedom from government interference

Civil Rights

Promote equality , granted by the government, available to all

The media in democratic regimes

Much more media freedom, expects media to check the government

Media in authoritarian regimes

Regulates media, fewer independent medias, state run

Why media freedom is continuing to decrease in China

The Great Firewall

Political and Social Cleavages

Internal divisions that impact the political system, based on identity and values and exist everywhere in varying forms and intensities

Categories of Political and Social Cleavages

Ethnic, Religion, Region, and Class

Challenges from Political and Social Cleavages

Strain the relationship between the state and citizens, threaten the stability of the regime, increase competition amoung parties and groups, weaken legitimacy, undermine internal sovereignty, create the potential for violent conflict of war, and expose vulnerability