The Iconoclastic Controversy

In what era did the iconoclastic controversy appear?

It began in the Byzantine art era - painting, sculpture and architecture were disrupted by the iconoclastic controversy.

Why is iconoclasm important? What did it lead to?

Iconoclasm - a historical movement to destroy religious images (icons).

Byzantine emperor Leo III, in 726, prohibited religious images, which lasted for more than 100 years between two hostile groups.

Iconoclasm led to the iconoclastic controversy the controvery led to the great schism (1054). Split between the catholic and the Orthodox churches. 

Who were iconoclasts? What did they believe?

Iconoclasts believed religious icons should be destroyed and forbidden.

Who were Iconophiles? What did they believe?

Iconophiles defended icons, arguing they were not worshipped as objects themselves but were related as a way to honor the holy figures they depicted. 

What was the strongest argument in favour of icons?

The strongest argument was called ‘‘Neo Platonic’’ meaning Christ and his images are inseparable, and the honour given to the image is transferred to him.

How did the conflict escalate socially and politically?

There was a power struggle between the church and state, the low point of the Byzantine power, the emperor had been reduced in size by the rise of islam.

Can you name this piece? What elements make it an icon? 

Christ Monastery of St Catherine 

Hand positioning, front-facing pose, gold leaf halo of religious figures.