UMN-BIOL 1015-Quiz 2

Murray Jensen--Molecules

Carbohydrates (three subcategories)

Monosaccharides

Disaccharides

Polysaccharides

Two Monosaccharides

Glucose

Fructose

Two Disaccharides

Sucrose

Lactose

Two Polysaccharides

Glycogen

Starch

Lipids (four subcategories)

Fatty acids

Phospholipids

Triglycerides

Steroids

Steroids (name three)

Estrogen

Cholesterol

Testosterone

Proteins (definition)

Polymers made of amino acid monomers

Proteins (five examples)

Gluten

Insulin

Collagen

Hemoglobin

Antibodies

Nucleic Acids (two subcategories)

DNA

RNA

RNA subcategories

mRNA (messenger RNA)

tRNA (transfer RNA)

Can glucose turn into CO2/water?

If yes, what are the steps and products?

If no, why?

Yes

Glucose → (cytosol, 2 ADP → 2 ATP) → Pyruvate → (mitochondria, 30 ADP → 30 ATP) → CO2/H2O

Can glucose turn into lactate?

If yes, what are the steps and products?

If no, why?

Yes

Glucose → (cytosol, 2 ADP → 2 ATP) → Pyruvate → (cytosol) → Lactate

Can glucose turn into pyruvate?

If yes, what are the steps and products?

If no, why?

Yes

Glucose → (cytosol, 2 ADP → 2 ATP) → Pyruvate

Can pyruvate turn into glucose?

If yes, what are the steps and products?

If no, why?

No

Only glucose and lactate can turn into pyruvate.

Pyruvate cannot become anything other than CO2/H2O.

Can pyruvate turn into lactate?

If yes, what are the steps and products?

If no, why?

Yes

Pyruvate → (cytosol) → Lactate

Can pyruvate turn into CO2/H2O?

If yes, what are the steps and products?

If no, why?

Yes

Pyruvate → (mitochondria, 30 ADP → 30 ATP) → CO2/H2O

Can lactate turn into CO2/H2O?

If yes, what are the steps and products?

If no, why?

Yes

Lactate → (cytosol) → Pyruvate → (mitochondria, 30 ADP → 30 ATP) → H2O/CO2

Can lactate turn into pyruvate?

If yes, what are the steps and products?

If no, why?

Yes

Lactate → (cytosol) → Pyruvate

Can lactate turn into glucose?

If yes, what are the steps and products?

If no, why?

No

Pyruvate is as close as it gets, because the glucose--pyruvate reaction is a one way street.

Can CO2/H2O turn into glucose?

If yes, what are the steps and products?

If no, why?

No

It cannot turn into anything.

Can CO2/H2O turn into pyruvate?

If yes, what are the steps and products?

If no, why?

No

It cannot turn into anything.

Can CO2/H2O turn into lactate?

If yes, what are the steps and products?

If no, why?

No

It cannot turn into anything.

Is a reaction that occurs in the cytosol an aerobic or anaerobic reaction?

Anaerobic

Is a reaction that occurs in the mitochondria an aerobic or anaerobic reaction?

Aerobic

In a hepatocyte, what are the three molecules that can move in and out of the wall?

Amino acids

Fatty acids, Glycerol

Glucose

What is glycogen?

Energy storage

What are triglycerides?

Energy storage