elements, compounds and mixtures.

define element

substance that Is only made up of one type of atom

define compound

substance that is made up of two or more elements that are chemically combined

define mixture

Made up of two or more substances, they are not chemically combined.

in a pure substance what will the boiling and melting point be  

at a fixed melting and boiling point 

in a mixture what will be the boiling and melting point be

melting and boiling point can vary because they contain multiple substances.

what are the five ways that you can separate mixtures

simple distillation

fractional distillation

chromatography

filtration

crystallisation

what is simple distillation 

simple distillation is used when a liquid is needed to be separated from a solution.

what is fractional distillation

fractional distillation is used when there is needed to separate multiple liquids from a mixture. 

what is the difference that fractional distillation has than simple distillation? 

fractional distillation has column rods, they are used for when the mixture is heated up multiple liquids that have similar boiling points will evaporate. Then column rods will condense the liquids except one liquid. 

What is filtration

separates an insoluble solid from a liquid

What is crystallisation?

separates solid from a solution by forming crystals

what is chromatography

separates substances based on solubility.

for the chromatography, how would you find the rf value? 

distance moved by substance / distance moved by the solvent.