Introduction to Organic and Inorganic Compounds

Inorganic compounds

Do not contain carbon and are derived from non-living things.

Organic compounds

Contain carbon and are derived from living things, with the exception of carbon dioxide (CO2).

Covalent bonds

Strong and stable bonds that carbon can form with other elements.

Polymerization

Process by which large compounds are constructed by joining together smaller compounds.

Monomer

Subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.

Polymer

A large molecule consisting of many identical or similar monomers linked together.

Condensation (Dehydration) Reaction

A chemical reaction involving the linking of monomers to form a polymer, releasing water.

Hydrolysis

Chemical reaction involving the breakdown of complex molecules (polymers) into simple molecules (monomers) using water.

Hydrolysis Reaction

The breaking down of polymers to monomers when water is added.

Carbohydrates

Macromolecules that provide readily available energy and are not stored.

Elements in Carbohydrates

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Monosaccharides

Monomers of carbohydrates with the chemical formula C6H12O6.

Disaccharides

Polymers made from 2 monomers (Di-2).

Polysaccharides

Polymers made from 3 or more monomers (Poly- many).

Examples of Monosaccharides

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose.

Examples of Disaccharides

Sucrose (table sugar), lactose (milk products), maltose (syrups).

Examples of Polysaccharides

Starch (potatoes, bread), Glycogen (energy storage for animals), Cellulose (plant cell walls), Chitin (exoskeleton of insects, shellfish).

Foods containing Carbohydrates

Fruits, vegetables, milk, table sugar, candy, bagels, pasta, pizza, potatoes.