Alkenes + Alcohol

What is the formula for alkenes?

CnH2n

Why are alkenes unsaturated?

Because they contain a c=c double bond.

What are the first four alkenes?

Ethene, propene, butene pentene

What type of combustion do alkenes undergo?

Mostly incomplete

How do alkenes react with bromine?

The bromine turns from orange to colourless.

What is ethanol used in?

Fuels, perfume and alcohols.

What does ethanol and oxygen form?

Ethanoic acid (weak and partially ionised)

What forms ethanol?

Sugar and yeast

What does sodium and ethanol form?

Hydrogen and sodium ethanoate.

What are addition reactions?

Atoms in a simple molecule add across the c=c double bond to form a saturated compound (alkene)

What is hydrogenation?

Alkene + hydrogen + catalyst = alkane.

What is hydration?

Alkene + water (steam) = alcohol

What is halogenation?

Alkene + halogen = halogen-alkene (e.g dichlorethane)

What is the functional group for alcohols?

Hydroxl- , -OH

What are the first 4 alcohols?

Methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol.

What is the equation for fermentation?

glucose = ethanol + carbon dioxide

Is fermentation aerobic or anaerobic?

Anaerobic

What happens if oxygen is present during the formation of ethanol?

It turns into ethanoic acid making a drink taste vinegary.

What is methanol used as?

Feedstock but is toxic so added to industrial ethanol to prevent drinking it.

What are propanol and butanol used as?

Solvents and fuels

What is the equation for combustion of an alcohol?

Alcohol + oxygen = carbon dioxide / monoxide + water

What is the equation for reactions with sodium?

Sodium + alcohol = metal salt + hydrogen

What is the equation for oxidation reactions?

Alcohol + oxygen = carboxylic acid + water

What is the functional group for carboxylic acid?

Carboxyl- , -COOH

What are the properties of carboxylic acids?

They dissolve in water to form solutions with pH below 7, react with metals to form a salt and hydrogen, react with bases to form a salt and water, react with carbonates to form a salt, water and carbon dioxide.

What are the first 4 carboxylic acids?

Methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid

What is the functional group for esters?

-COO

What is the equation for the formation of esters?

Alcohol + carboxylic acid = ester + water

What is an example of an ester?

Ethyl Ethanoate