horses

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54 Terms

1

history of horse use

initially used for food, but then started being used for transportation, labour, and entertainment

  • a part of mythology, art, and religion

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2

how can horses help the economy

  • direct economic benefit in the billions

  • creating job

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3

what are the top three provinces for owning the most horses

Alberta > Ontario > Quebec

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4

horse uses in alberta

mostly for backyard ownership/riding and sport

  • lots of money is made from slaughterhouses mainly exporting meat to other countries

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5

Stallion

Male intact adult horse

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6

Gelding

Sterilized male adult horse

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7

colt

baby male horse

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8

adult female horse

mare

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9

baby female horse

filly

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10

ungendered baby horse

foal

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11

hand

use for measuring the height of horses

  • one hand is 4 inches

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12

ponies

less than 14.2 hands at withers

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13

light horse

15-17.2 hands at withers

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14

heavy horse

16-18 hands, heavy muscle, large bones and sturdy legs

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15

male donkey x female horse

mule

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16

female donkey x male horse

hinny

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17

hot bloods

lighter bodies ideal for speed

  • temperament is high strung

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18

hot blood breeds

Arabian, thoroughbred, quarter horse

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19

Warm Bloods

Mild temperament, good for dressage and jumping

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20

type of warm blood breeds

hanoverian, irish sport horse, trakehner

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21

cold blood

mild manner, docile

  • good for heavy work

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22

cold blood breeds

percheron, clydesdales, shire

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23

Arabian

oldest horse breed

  • agile

  • excellent stamina

  • distinctive dish face

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24

Thoroughbred

developed from arabian stallions

  • fastest at intermediate distances

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25

Quarter horse

strong hindquarters

  • fastest at short distances but don’t have high stamina

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26

standardbred

good for harness racing and dressage and hunter jumpers

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27

trotters

run diagonally

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28

pacers

run laterally

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29

base colour of horse coats

black and red

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30

how are colours determined

complex combination involving 16 genes

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31

dominant masking colours

white and grey

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32

true white horses

valued, but not possible. True white horses have lethal white foal syndrome

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33

lethal white foal syndrome

lethal from homozygous white gene

  • causes intestinal and neurological abnormalities

  • foals die within 12 hours of life if not in utero

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34

horse teeth

important for digesting cellulose for hind gut fermentation

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35

digestive system of horses

digest fiber using fermentation in the hind gut, releasing volatile fatty acids

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36

colostrum

the first milk to babies in the critical first hours following delivery that is rich with antibodies

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37

horse vision

wide field but cannot see directly in front or behind

  • eyes can see independently (monocular)

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38

horse hearing

responds well to low tones

  • ears can rotate 180 degrees

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39

horse smell

better than humans

  • use smell for pheromone detection and predator detection

  • mares and foals bond through smell

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40

flehmen reaction

horse rolling upper lip to detect unusual smell, especially important for detecting pheromones

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41

colic

abdominal pain usually due to gastrointestinal issues, but might have other causes

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42

signs of colic

  • curling lips

  • pawing

  • kicking at belly

  • lying down

  • rolling

  • pulse elevated, sweating, pink to blue gums

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43

digestive colic

caused by too much feed or a change in feed

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44

spasmodic colic

also known as gas colic, caused by eating too fast or toxins in feed

  • can be helped by running them

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45

sand colic

caused by sand in feed

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46

impaction colic

caused by not enough water

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47

identifying colic by location

better categorization for identifying colic then by cause, but is hard to do and you have to know what the normal state is like

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48

gastric colic

colic in the stomach caused by dilation as fluid contents increase without vomiting and eventually the stomach ruptures

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49

causes of intestinal colic

  • obstruction

  • strangulation of cut off blood flow to intestine

  • intussusception (one intestine sliding into the other)

  • volvulus (rotation of intestine)

  • impaction

  • cranial mesenteric arteritis (inflammation of artery that supplies blood to gut)

  • enteroliths

  • cecal impaction

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50

ileal impaction

impaction of the distal part of the intestine which is the most common location of impaction in the small intestine

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51

pedunculated lipoma

strangulation of the intestine causing colic

  • like wrapping a band around your finger

  • must be surgically removed

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52

volvulus

very sever 360 rotation of the intestine on a 180 axis

  • no medical treatment except surgery if caught early

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53

verminous arteritis

caused by parasites crawling into abdominal aorta and cutting off the intestinal from blood flow

  • cannot be treated but can be prevented by deworming

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54
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