cell organelles

Nucleus

largest cell organelle, and the contains the DNA of the cell.

nucleur pore: gaps in the membrane that allows molecules to enter and leave the cell (such as mRNA)

nulceur membrane: separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

endoplasmic reticulum

a network of membranes that form channels, used for chemical reactions, storage and transport of molecules. 

rough ER: ribosomes attached to the outside of the membrane, also transport proteins.

smooth ER: no ribosomes attached on the outside

Mitochondrion

where cellular respiration takes place and makes energy available to the cells

double membrane. smooth outer, surrounds the mitochondria, whereas the inner membrane (cristae), is in a series of folds inside the organelle.

greater SA: Vol meaning more chemical reactions can take place. (produce more energy)

centrioles

rod-like structures (in pairs/ groups) found near the nucleus.

Involved in cell reproduction, by separating chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis.

cytoplasm

liquid medium of the cell. Assists these substances in moving around the cell

cytosol is the liquid part of the cytoplasm. 75 -90% water. Made up of a mixture of complex dissolved substance

ribosomes

small, circular organelles

at the ribosomes, amino acids are joined to make proteins (protein synthesis)

can float freely or be attached to cell membranes such as the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi body.

golgi body

modify and package proteins for secretion from the cell in vesicles

flattened membrane stacked one on top of another.

lysosome

small spheres, bound by a membrane. Formed by golgi apparatus

digestive enzymes that break down substances and remove waste.

cilia and flagella

cilia: projections are short and numerous. tiny hair-like structures found in the trachea, respiratory system, etc.

Flagella: longer, and 1 or 2 of them, aid in movement. (sperm cell) 

cytoskeleton

framework of protein fibres. gives cell shape & helps in cell movement.

microtubules: hollow rods. Keep organelles in place/ move them around the cell.

microfilament: move materials around the cytoplasm/ move whole cell

inclusions

chemical substances (not a part of cells structure) in the cytoplasm eg. melanin in skin cells

vesicle

small sacs of fluid containing protein. surrounded by a membrane