Functions/Physiology

Cellular Respiration

Process converting glucose and oxygen into ATP.

Inspiration

Inhaling air into the lungs.

Gas Exchange

Oxygen enters blood; carbon dioxide exits.

Temperature Regulation

Nasal sinuses warm air to 32°C.

Humidity Regulation

Nasal sinuses humidify air to 95%.

pH Regulation

Lungs adjust CO2 to maintain blood pH.

Mechanical Barriers

Physical traps for pathogens in respiratory system.

Nasal Hairs

Filter and trap particles from inhaled air.

Cilia

Tiny hairs that move mucus and debris.

Mucus

Sticky secretion trapping pathogens and particles.

Expiration

Exhaling air from the lungs.

Coughing

Expels irritants from the mouth.

Sneezing

Removes irritants from the nose.

Anaphylaxis

Severe reaction narrowing air pathways.

Apnea

Cessation of breathing, e.g., sleep apnea.