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causal relationship
internal validity is the degree to which ________ is possible
changes
internally valid if we can be sure that the ___________ in the behavior observed across the treatment conditions were actually caused by the IV
other explanations
experiment is not internally valid if _____________ are possible
correct generalization
its not possible if the experiment is not INTERNALLY VALID
confounded experiment
when the value of an extraneous variable systematically changes along the independent variable
extraneous variables
factors that are not the focus of the experiment but can influence the findings
systematic change
change due to one whole group experiences something
infrequent & random events
as long as the extraneous variables' influences are ________________, they do not necessarily invalidate an experiment (2&)
systematically changes
always set up an experiment in which the IV is the only variable that _______________ across the conditions