Industrial Revolution flash cards

Queen Victoria

• 19th century

• Was strong and had liberal ideas

• British parliament was in place for 100 years

• More had right to vote

• More reforms

• Greater freedom of religion

• Victorian Era

Charles Townsend

Created crop rotation to leave no field fallow

Jethro Tull

Seed Drill

Jacquard

• Jacquard loom

• Powered loom

• Able to weave complex patterns

Eli Whitney

• interchangeable parts

• Cotton gin

• Tore seeds from cotton fibers

• Sped up production

Robert Fulton

First Steamboat: The Clermont

Samuel Morse

Created Morse code and the telegraph

James Watt

• An instrument builder/repairer

• Took prototype and perfects steam engine

• Given credit for steam engine

Henry Bessemer

• Bessemer process

• Molten pig irons

• Bessemer process

• Blasts of air thru steel to get rid of impurities

Samuel Compton

• “Spinning mule”

• Water operated

• Spun multiple spools at once

Henry Ford

• American automobile

• Assembly line

• Mass production of cars

Alexander Graham Bell

Telephone

Rudolph Diesel

• 1st petroleum engine

• Trucks, locomotives, ships

Thomas Edison

• 1000 patented inventions

• Phonograph, light bulb, generating plant

• Lit streets of nyc, added to nyc nightlife

Guglielmo Marconi

Radio

Michael Faraday

Electrical generator (replaced steam engine)

John Kay

Flying Shuttle (makes weaving thread faster)

Sir Robert Peele

1st police force in London (called “Bobbie’s” or “peelers”

The Wright Brothers

First flight in Kitty Hawk, NC

James Hargreaves

The spinning Jenny (named after his daughter and it spun multiple spools)

Years of the industrial revolution

1: 1750-1850 (led by GB, agriculture and farming)

2: 1850-1914 (halted by WWI, Western Europe - Germany, Belgium, France. America. Involved)

2 stages transform civilization and patterns of life in Europe and America

Enclosure Movement

Closing off huge tracts of land to plant mass crops, small farmers are kicked off land

Manchester, England

1750s, 16000 population, quiet town.

1855, cotton industry, population grew to 455,000

Factory workers crowded in city, poor living conditions for them, contaminated water, disease and death rates up, pigs cleaned garbage

Domestic system/cottage industry

farmers and their family spun thread/weaved fabric in winter

Did whatever work they wanted and got paid for whatever they did

Industrial Revolution

The shift from hand to machine labor

Why doesn’t France industrialize first?

They were distracted by the revolution and napoleon

The factory system

Workers and machines were used together to produce items

Amount factory workers made

62¢/week

The factory act

• 1833

• limited the workday for children

• 9-13 — 8hr/day

• 14-18 — 12hr/day

The Mines Act

• 1842

• No women or girls to work in mines

• No boys under 13 could work in mines

Ten Hours Act

• limited workday for women and anyone under 18

• 1874 — act passed for everyone

Corporation

Businesses owned by investors who bought shares

Monopoly

• illegal in the U.S.

• A business that owns all production Distribution

Thomas Edison/Menlo Park

• had a lab in Menlo Park, NJ

• Called “the Wizard of Menlo”

Life for average factory, mill, mine workers

• Factory workers had low wages (62¢/week)

• Workers had poor living conditions (very limited space in their houses)

• Lived off bread and cabbage water and children often died because of malnutrition

• Mining was difficult. Sometimes there were deadly gasses in the mines.

• They had to work 12-16 hours/day